女勇士
出版社:漓江出版社
出版日期:1998-2
ISBN:9787540722036
作者:[美] 汤亭亭
页数:206页
内容概要
汤亭亭，当今美国文坛华裔文学的佼佼者，其作品《女勇士》（1976）、《中国佬》（1980）、《孙行者》（1989），十分畅销，深受美国读者及评论界欢迎。
书籍目录
美国华裔文学（总序）
译序
一 无名女子
二 白虎山学道
三 乡村医生
四 西宫门外
五 羌笛野曲
东西方神话的移植和变形——美国当代著名华裔小说家汤亭亭谈创作
作者简介
《女勇士》为作家的处女作。作品以中国为背景，通过极富想像力的虚构与简洁的白描，展示了一个生活在艰难创业的华人圈中的小女孩的童年生活及她周围的女性的现实生活。作品熔美国华人街受歧视、受压抑、贫困、不安定的华人生活现实，与中国大陆的神异鬼怪、仙风道骨、自由战斗的女英雄故事等于一炉。行笔或细腻委婉、或天马行空；气势酣畅淋漓，给人以甘美的享受。本书深受美国大学生欢迎，篇首语便成为美国大学生的口头禅。
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精彩书评 (总计3条)
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《女勇士》令我着迷。也许是因为与母文化的天然隔绝，才使得作者笔下的中国人、中国事，显得既遥远又贴近。作者以细腻的笔触、芜杂的叙述以及神经质的呓语，解析了一个在美国出生的华裔女性独特而又丰富的个体经验。作者的叙述是自觉与不自觉掺杂在一起的。在感性地讲完了一个动人的故事之后，作者会突然说“其实不是那样的”、“我只是听来的”、“我编了后半部分”等等，这种自我拆解的手法的小说中多次出现。在第一章《无名女子》中，“姑姑”一会儿是因通奸而被村民围攻、最终投井自杀的悲剧角色，一会儿又是备受宠爱的大家闺秀，这种“自相矛盾”产生了独特的审美效应。在读毕小说之后，我感觉《女勇士》的副标题“Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts”是很贴切的。作者笔下的华人社区以及通过父母的讲述了解到的大洋彼岸的故乡，无不笼罩在一种鬼神的氛围之中：老家的女人在猪圈里分娩，为了躲避嫉妒新生命的神；父亲把白种人都称作鬼（垃圾鬼、送信鬼等等）；母亲经常进行的祭祖仪式；投井自杀的姑姑（水鬼）；母亲学医时的捉鬼故事……作者笔下的那些看似荒唐、愚昧的事（在中国大陆被称为“迷信”的那类东西），如果换一个角度来看，反而是中国人精神世界的最佳体现。最后一章《羌笛野曲》写主人公在华人街区的成长故事。在美国学校，许多华人小孩沉默、孤僻，感觉自己是异类，但最终都溶入了美国这只大熔炉。在多种族的美国社会，华人的优势在哪里呢？我们几千年辉煌的文明又在哪里呢？这一章的结尾，也是整部小说的结尾，写得自然流畅，又意味隽永。主人公在母亲面前大胆地宣布了自立自强、溶入美国社会的决心，彻底否定了父辈们“重男轻女”的观念。这似乎是与母文化的分袂——然而作者又写道：“我想在不久的将来到中国去……”，她认为有朝一日，她也会担负起给老家亲人寄钱的任务。而后，作者又讲了外婆看戏的故事：“这里有一段故事，是母亲讲给我听的，不是小时候，而是最近……”（母亲一直用讲故事的方式教育子女，“而是最近”让人感觉到时间的流逝，主人公已长大了），而后又很自然地由“看戏”转入了蔡文姬的故事。（蔡文姬的故事放在整部小说的结尾，别具意味，作者的父辈们，始终认定西方是荒蛮的部族，但在美国生活了几十年，由于母文化的自然缺失，对于西方文化的认同却在悄然进行着，到了作者这一辈人，这种认同就更加深远了，但母文化的缺失与饥渴依然存在。蔡文姬从不了解野蛮的匈奴部族，到以蛮族之音创作《胡茄十八拍》，正好暗合了作者及其父辈对西方文化的认同过程，但多年后，蔡文姬还是回到了中原大地，嫁给了一个汉人。）外婆看戏的故事体现着中国人的“家”文化（只要全家团圆就是福），而蔡文姬的故事则暗含着西方式的个体精神以及一种民族归属感。将这种对比与回归作为小说的煞尾，足可见作者的良苦匠心。2005.1 -
并不否认这本书只得称赞的地方，只是很担忧这样一本在美国畅销的书会带给那些不了解中国的人对于中国怎样的印象。这样一群第二代移民，本身对中国认识不深，思维模式也十分美国化，他们真的能够精准的诠释中国的几千年文化吗？通过范范描写了一些在外国人看来很怪异的风俗（这些风俗也只在一些落后地区才有），还有加上自己的非客观想法，只会给美国人留下一个东方愚昧古国的概念吧？ -
教授给我们布置的group essay, 希望对留学生有点用.Analysis of the image of the ghost in The Woman Warrior Stories about ghosts are one of the most important features of this novel. Maxine searches through her family’s past, and other stories which are also ridden with ghosts, in hopes of finding a role model. The importance of ghosts in the story, and in Maxine’s life is represented by the book’s subtitle "Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts."There are thousands of ghost stories in Chinese culture. The novel Journey to the West, which is one of the four great classical novels of Chinese literature, is full of ghosts, most of which are evil, and eat people. The novel Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, which is a collection of nearly five-hundred mostly-supernatural tales written by Pu Songlin, is also full of ghosts, though most of them are warm and kind-hearted. Not all ghosts were evil in Chinese culture, and literature.The image of the ghost in Chinese culture changes with the given circumstances. Ghosts could be, ethereal beings who still dwell in our world, memories, or even real people. When the western powers invaded in 1860, they ended up holding power in China for almost a hundred years. At that time, the Chinese used “ghost” as a derogatory term for the invaders; they called European invaders "west foreign ghosts,” and Japanese invaders as "east foreign ghosts.” That’s how real people became referred to as ghosts. Maxine uses this terminology to refer to some Americans who would come up to the door of her house. She called them ghosts, even though they were real, palpable beings, not a faded memory or ethereal entity. The thought of the ghost of her nameless aunt haunts Maxine in the beginning of the story. The first sentence of the chapter "No Name Woman" is "you must not tell anyone.” Her mother told her this, even though she herself is breaking her husbands rule, which is to not speak of the aunt. Her aunt is the victim of traditional chinese culture, where men really held the power. Her aunt committed suiced with her new born baby after the villagers raided her house. From then on, the family of the Maxine tries to “forget” about the aunt. Though, the family is not entirely successful in wiping her from their minds. "My aunt haunts me-- her ghost drawn to me because now, after fifty years of neglect, I alone devote pages of paper to her, though not origamied into houses and clothes. I do not think she always means me well. I am telling on her, and she was a spite suicide, drowning herself in the drinking water. The Chinese are always very frightened of the drowned one, whose weeping ghost, wet hair hanging and skin bloated, waits silently by the water to pull down a substitute" (Kingston 16). However, in the eyes of the Maxine, her aunt is somewhat of a role model, because though she wasn’t successful in the end, she still fought against fate, and traditional culture. Her aunt protested with committed suicide in the village well, so she in turn became the role model of protesting traditional culture. Maxine uses her writing to avenge her aunt. In Chinese tradition, the ghost who has avenged could finish the reincarnation."We could be heroines, swordsmen"( page 18). In chapter 2, the story of Fa Mu Lan is totally different from the traditional Chinese story. The purpose of changing the story is drawing a new image of the woman warrior so that is the same as Maxine imagines it. When Fa Mu Lan studies the fighting skills in mountains for 15 years ; she finishes studying, constructs an army, kill the greedy officials, and avenges the villagers. The interesting part in this chapter is that Fa Mu Lan becomes the ghost. "It was a wedding. My mother was talking to the hosts: 'Thank you for taking our daughter. Wherever she is, she must be happy now. She will certainly come back if she is alive, and if she is a spirit, you have given her a descent line” (Kingston 31). In the Chinese culture, a "ghost wedding" is a way to comfort the relatives with an early death, then organize for them in the form of a ghost marriage. In chapter 3, more and more ghosts are described in the novel. The environment in which Maxine lived is full of white people. "We were regularly visited by the Mail Ghost, Meter Reader Ghost, Garbage Ghost. Staying off the streets did no good. They came nosing at windows- Social Worker Ghosts; Public Health Nurse Ghosts; Factory Ghosts recruiting workers during the war( they promised free child care, which our mother turned down); two Jesus Ghost who had formerly worked in China." All the information provided by Maxine’s parents about the white people is bad. Because the first generation chinese tries to keep their culture in the small range, isolated with the outer world. However, paradoxically, when Maxine's mother keep telling the stories about the ghost, she tried to instill the idea of traditional Chinese. However, what Maxine's mother did is totally different. Studying in medicine school, catching the ghost in dormitory, reuniting with her husband in U.S, telling the story about the no name aunt to Maxine and encouraging Moon Orchid come to U.S, even mother's name, Brave Orchid, has the same pronunciation with Fa Mu Lan in Chinese. All these things tells Maxine that her mother is a real woman warrior. When Maxine was hearing the stories about the ghost, she tried to resist the influence of these traditional Chinese culture. Finally, she uses her pen to express her new ideology, which is the common ideology in American Born Chinese.Ghost is just a carrier, it represented the traditional chinese culture. Maxine finally beat it down. She uses her writing to set a new model in American Born Chinese.
精彩短评 (总计41条)
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作业 -
未经过五四洗礼的香港文明通过志怪小说被表现了出来，一个女权主义者拙劣的演绎着传统文化中的故事。然后就是要和自己悲惨的处境有所联系，然后批判这个社会一番 -
偶的论文课题 -
她编织一个又一个故事来对抗残酷世界，其中《白虎》篇的艺术结构最为精致。 -
绮丽而坚强 -
汤亭亭 -
93年的时候汤还和斯奈德金斯堡来过西安...那会儿你才五岁...这书是写给美国人看的，起码是生活在美国的华裔，作为长安农妇来看没有那么多撞击-。- -
女性 -
写得好。英文的不错，不知道中文怎么样。 -
crazy bitch Maxine Hong Kingston -
相当见功底的译本，从英文转译回来，完全看不出是翻译的书……///女性解放真是一个相当长久而且令人扼腕的话题。 -
就是一个美籍华人讲述自己身边发生的女性的一些故事，想要说什么女性站起来之类的... nothing special..结合了很多中国的传统和传说，通过美国人的思维来process the information -
中国神话与西方故事的交叠中，铺陈开中国女子的命运之路。愿它萌芽。 -
很讶异为什么这本书没有再出版。这本书对我的吸引力有限，是因为个人抗拒乡土故事吗？ -
在加州，人鬼难分，原书副标题memoirs of a girlhood among ghosts，是世界亦为地狱？强硬而刁钻的中国人，为了活着表现得像动物。我也要写一篇，有羌笛野曲那样的不管不顾的恶毒。如果说投机取巧的智慧，比起汤亭亭来，严歌苓确实只是一根葱。p.s.她爹的批注真做作真烦人。一颗星给无名女子水鬼的结尾。一颗星给乡村医生里用石头打死的疯女人。一颗星给西宫门外的意象。一颗星给羌笛野曲的怨毒。不喜欢白虎山那篇，但也可以读读。 -
如果不是论文需要绝对不肯能会看这种书 -
首先真是魔幻。各种神话传说民间故事乱入。第二，关于女性话题的思考真的很庞杂，而且感觉真是剪不断理还乱，作者知道哪些方面有问题，但是她自己也没有答案，我想其实所有人都没有答案。另外，这个是个中短篇集，不是长篇。 -
很好的一本书。 -
如果用一句话的那就是：“你不能把我要给你讲的话”我妈妈说，“告诉任何人”…… -
笑点很多~~ -
这本小说让我理解了为什么一些人对“东方学”意见那么大。 -
“接下来我对你说的话，”我妈妈说，“你不可以告诉任何人。” -
这封面真是丑死了..叙事方式和翻译让我无力评分.. -
既然副标题是“The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts”的话，那么对于作者对于中国传统文化和道德人伦等方面的片面和臆想性的描写倒是很好理解的。我从来不奢望一个一直生活在美国的华裔能够把拥有极端复杂民族性格和古老历史的国度描写得多么全面和伟大，正因为她始终游走在东西的边缘，在这种撕裂破碎的文化语境下成长，我才会发现小说有许多值得玩味的地方。每一篇都很好看，特别喜欢看里面将中国典故、梦境和现实融合在一起的写法，他人之语和女孩敏感又近乎真实的内心独白随时转化，内容很丰满。《西宫门外》那种中国式的悲剧，读起来特别伤感。反正我觉得这本书写得蛮好的。吐槽一下封面，太恶俗了，这本书为什么不再版了呢。这是我上后殖民文学与文化这堂课要读的书。 -
东宫西宫写得真棒 真贴 -
作者是情真的，但那情也是扭曲的情，让人又怜又厌 -
汤婷婷说这是一部美国书，虽然写的是中国的事情。整本书都是一个美国女孩的中国幻想，她在向美国人讲述的同时也是在自己心里建构一种中国形象，她无法真正脱离中国这个文化母体，同时却总想真正找到美国文化中的自身地位。所以小说的成功大部分在于美国人的好奇，也在于普遍的身份焦虑。不过在像我这样一辈子住在中国四线城市的人来说，这种魅力大打折扣 -
个人觉得比谭恩美的喜福会更有吸引力 待会码评论 哈哈哈哈哈 -
第一次读原著 女性主义的描述很奇特 -
不知道是因为翻译还是非中文写作的原因，读起来有些别扭。没有喜福会好看。 -
白虎山学道篇将东方文化通过变形移植到新环境中很奇幻，但更喜欢描写成长过程以及与家人的关系，前者体现着新一代对于定位自我文化身份的选择、汲取、迷惑与挣脱，后者两代人之间的冲突由于发生在异国背景中更显示出其撕扯的张力，充满文化的交融与冲击，结尾文姬的故事意味深远。 -
华裔写出的东方主义
也许反倒能让西方人更愿意读 开始了解哪怕误读之后的中国
努力改我的final paper啊 呼 -
女权主义色彩极强的作品。 -
看到white tiger那章我就石化了…… -
第一次接触华裔文学，且还是女性主义 -
性别研究理论与批评 presentation用 -
文化与族群 -
读到第100页的时候我开始尝试着去理解 -
据说是女权主义作品，但读来并不觉得有多么激进，喜欢这个作家的言说方式 -
下学期要读的书，虽然书中描写的部分属实，有些略夸张，但是读着心里总是多少有些不太舒服 -
汤亭亭的身份，融入华人又跳出华人，带着中国文化又受着美国文化的影响。她的语气，笔调让我感慨：这不正是“我”吗？讨厌又深爱的小国民……