视觉科学

章节摘录

　　These authors find a preponderance of LGNdcells preferring horizontal and vertical stimuli and suggest that cortical afferents areinvolved in the generation of LGNd orientation sensitivity （see also Daniels et al.，1977）. Other authors report that the orientation biases of LGNd relay cells strictlyreflect those of their retinal afferents （Soodak et al.， 1987）. These authors favorthe idea that the orientation sensitivity of LGNd relay cells originates in the retinaand reflects the anatomically generated （Leventhal and Schall， 1983）， linear，orientation-sensitive response （Levick and Thibos， 1982） of the retinal ganglioncells providing their afferents.　　The present study is arguably the most exhaustive to date. We believe thatsome of the disagreements described above are more apparent than real andmay have resulted because previous studies included only relatively smallsamples of cells and， thus， differences in laminar location， eccentricity， polarangle， cell type could not be adequately controlled. For example， our findingsthat relay cells preferring different orientations are clustered and that radialand tangential orientations are overrepresented makes claims regarding theoverall distribution of preferred orientations based upon small samples of cellsespecially hard to interpret. For example， if cells are recorded mainly fromregions of the LGNd subserving the horizontal and vertical meridians， then anapparent preponderance of these orientations should result. Our finding thatthe radial bias is strongest in regions of the LGNd subserving the horizontalmeridian further complicates matters.　　It should be noted that our results are generally consistent with the ideathat the orientation-sensitive response of most LGNd cells is a direct reflectionof their retinal inputs （Soodak et al.， 1987）. Evidence for this stems from ourfinding that the overall distributions of the orientation biases of LGNd cells aresimilar to those reported previously for retinal ganglion cells （Levick andThibos， 1982; Leventhal and Schall， 1983） and that the receptive fields ofmost of the cells we studied were consistent with the model proposed by Soodaket al. （1987）. Our results do not support the idea （Vidyasagar and Urbas，1982; Vidyasagar， 1984） that LGNd relay cells are much more orientationsensitive than their retinal inputs. However， it should be noted that some ofthe most orientation-sensitive cells we studied exhibited "butterfly-shaped"orientation tuning curves even at relatively low spatial frequencies. A number

书籍目录

Preface to the USTC Alumni's SeriesThe History and Current Status of Vision Research at USTCPrefaceSection Ⅰ Visual Neurosciences　Pre-cortical Processing　Chapter 1  Rapid BDNF-induced Retrograde Synaptic Modification in A Developing Retinotectal System　Chapter 2  Ectopic Expression of A Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual Responses in Mice with Photoreceptor Degeneration　Chapter 3  Organized Arrangement of Orientation-Sensitive Relay Cells in the Cat's Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus　Chapter 4  The Nucleus Isthmi and Dual Modulation of the Receptive Field of Tectal Neurons in Non-mammals　Chapter 5  Direct Visualization of the Dendritic and Receptive Fields of Directionally Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells　Chapter 6  Functional Alignment of Feedback Effects from Visual Cortex to Thalamus　Chapter 7  Perceptual Learning and Top Down Influences in Primary Visual Cortex　Chapter 8  A Processing Stream in Mammalian Visual Cortex Neurons for Non-Fourier Responses　Chapter 9  GABA and Its Agonists Improved Visual Cortical Function in Senescent Monkeys　Chapter 10  Pattern and Component Motion Selectivity in Cortical Area PMLS of The Cat　Chapter 11  Feature-based Attention Modulates Orientation-selective Responses in Human Visual Cortex　Chapter 12  Filling-in of Visual Phantoms in The Human Brain　Chapter 13  Categorization Training Results in Shape- and Category- Selective Human Neural Plasticity　Chapter 14  Reversible Blockade of Experience-dependent Plasticity by Calcineurin in Mouse Visual Cortex　Chapter 15  The Coordinated Mapping of Visual Space and Response  Features in Visual Cortex The Ocular-motor System　Chapter 16  Characteristics of Near Response Cells Projecting to the Oculomotor Nucleus　Chapter 17  Premotor Commands Encode Monocular Eye MovementsChapter 18  Reliability of Oculomotor Command Signals Carried by Individual NeuronsSection Ⅱ Visual Perception & Cognition　Chapter 19  Orientation-selective Adaptation and Tilt After-effect From Invisible Patterns　Chapter 20  Perceiving Distance Accurately by A Directional Process of Integrating Ground Information　Chapter 21  Topological Structure in Visual Perception　Chapter 22  The Mechanism of Isoluminant Chromatic Motion Perception　Chapter 23  Primal Sketch: Integrating Structure and Texture　Chapter 24  Parallel and Competitive Processes in Hierarchical Analysis: Perceptual Grouping and Encoding of Closure　Chapter 25  Visual Working Memory in Decision Making by Honey Bees

编辑推荐

　　《中国科学技术大学校友文库》之《视觉科学》一书主要收纳了中科大校友的25篇关于视觉科学的代表性文章。书的内容主要分为两大部分：Ⅰ，视觉神经科学；Ⅱ，视觉感知与认知。 　　《Vision Science（视觉科学）（全英文）》适合从事相关研究工作的人员参考阅读。

作者简介

本书收纳了中科大校友的25篇关于视觉科学的代表性文章。书的内容主要分为两大部分：Ⅰ，视觉神经科学；Ⅱ，视觉感知与认知。其中，第一部分中的ⅠA部分（皮层前的处理过程）总共包含六章，分别涉及光感受器退化疾病的恢复、视皮层-顶盖系统的改变、视网膜神经节细胞与外膝体细胞的感受野特性以及视皮层对外膝体的反馈作用；ⅠB部分（皮层中的处理过程）用九章的篇幅涵盖了视皮层对图像和运动的处理、视皮层中视空间的映射和皮层反应特性的关系、注意的作用、知觉学习以及衰老对视皮层处理的影响等内容；ⅠC部分（眼动系统）中的三章内容重点介绍了眼动神经元的反应特性和眼动指令信号的可靠性。第二部分包括七章，介绍了基本的视觉感知过程，如早期视觉通路中的分辨能力、对距离的感知、对等亮度条件下彩色运动图形的感知、对拓扑结构的感知以及特征分类等。此外，还涉及计算视觉、视觉工作记忆和蜜蜂的决策制定等主题。

目录：

Preface to the USTC Alumni's Series

The History and Current Status of Vision Research at USTC

Preface

Section Ⅰ Visual Neurosciences

Pre-cortical Processing

Chapter 1 Rapid BDNF-induced Retrograde Synaptic Modification in A Developing Retinotectal System

Chapter 2 Ectopic Expression of A Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual Responses in Mice with Photoreceptor Degeneration

Chapter 3 Organized Arrangement of Orientation-Sensitive Relay Cells in the Cat's Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Chapter 4 The Nucleus Isthmi and Dual Modulation of the Receptive Field of Tectal Neurons in Non-mammals

Chapter 5 Direct Visualization of the Dendritic and Receptive Fields of Directionally Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells

Chapter 6 Functional Alignment of Feedback Effects from Visual Cortex to Thalamus

Chapter 7 Perceptual Learning and Top Down Influences in Primary Visual Cortex

Chapter 8 A Processing Stream in Mammalian Visual Cortex Neurons for Non-Fourier Responses

Chapter 9 GABA and Its Agonists Improved Visual Cortical Function in Senescent Monkeys

Chapter 10 Pattern and Component Motion Selectivity in Cortical Area PMLS of The Cat

Chapter 11 Feature-based Attention Modulates Orientation-selective Responses in Human Visual Cortex

Chapter 12 Filling-in of Visual Phantoms in The Human Brain

Chapter 13 Categorization Training Results in Shape- and Category- Selective Human Neural Plasticity

Chapter 14 Reversible Blockade of Experience-dependent Plasticity by Calcineurin in Mouse Visual Cortex

Chapter 15 The Coordinated Mapping of Visual Space and Response Features in Visual Cortex The Ocular-motor System

Chapter 16 Characteristics of Near Response Cells Projecting to the Oculomotor Nucleus

Chapter 17 Premotor Commands Encode Monocular Eye MovementsChapter 18 Reliability of Oculomotor Command Signals Carried by Individual Neurons

Section Ⅱ Visual Perception & Cognition

Chapter 19 Orientation-selective Adaptation and Tilt After-effect From Invisible Patterns

Chapter 20 Perceiving Distance Accurately by A Directional Process of Integrating Ground Information

Chapter 21 Topological Structure in Visual Perception

Chapter 22 The Mechanism of Isoluminant Chromatic Motion Perception

Chapter 23 Primal Sketch: Integrating Structure and Texture

Chapter 24 Parallel and Competitive Processes in Hierarchical Analysis: Perceptual Grouping and Encoding of Closure

Chapter 25 Visual Working Memory in Decision Making by Honey Bees

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