出版日期:2012
ISBN:9789862548769
作者:蔡嘉麟
页数:244页
内容概要
蔡嘉麟，臺灣花蓮人，一九七三年出生，中國文化大學史學研究所博士。目前為輔仁大學全人教育中心、長庚科技大學通識教育中心、德霖技術學院通識教育中心兼任助理教授。研究領域以明代環境史為主，曾出版《明代的衛學教育》，發表〈明代的南贛參將――兼論南贛地區的軍事防禦體制〉，涉及教育史、軍事史範疇。
书籍目录
序 吳智和
第一章 緒 論···························································· 1
一、題旨緣起與研究目的··································· 1
二、研究問題與界定··········································· 3
三、相關研究的回顧··········································· 5
四、史料運用及限制········································· 13
第二章 山林保護的思想、制度與法令··················· 17
第一節 山林保護的觀念與思想····························· 17
一、樹木崇敬與風水護林觀念·························· 18
二、山澤觀念···················································· 27
三、林木利用思想············································ 34
四、環境問題與山林保護································· 40
第二節 山林管理與保護的制度及法令·················· 46
一、典章中的山林資源主管部門······················ 46
二、明代與護林相關的法令····························· 53
第三章 林木與北邊防禦戰略··································· 67
第一節 國防形勢與邊鎮的形成····························· 67
一、北邊整體防禦概說····································· 67
二、北邊各鎮的建置與分布····························· 70
第二節 北邊境外的燒荒與樵採····························· 80
一、燒荒政策···················································· 80
二、出邊樵採禁令的理想與實際······················ 90
第三節 保護邊林的政策與措施····························· 96
一、洪武至正統年間：1368～1449 ·················· 98
二、景泰至成化年間：1450～1487 ················ 100
三、弘治至嘉靖年間：1488～1566 ················ 101
四、隆慶至明末：1567～1644························ 106
第四章 薊、遼、宣大地區的山林生態················· 115
第一節 薊鎮山林的維護與採伐··························· 117
一、薊鎮地理概說·········································· 117
二、護林機制·················································· 118
三、植樹措施舉要·········································· 120
四、主要毀林區域的個案分析························ 124
第二節 遼東的沿邊山林······································· 141
一、遼東的地理形勢與邊牆修築···················· 141
二、邊林狀態·················································· 143
第三節 宣大地區的沿邊山林······························· 150
一、地理形勢·················································· 150
二、宣大地區的山林採伐······························· 152
三、宣大沿邊的山林狀態······························· 156
第五章 保、晉、陝西地區的山林生態················· 159
第一節 保定鎮長城沿線內外的山林問題············ 159
一、地理形勢·················································· 159
二、危害保定邊林的主要因素························ 161
三、保定邊林的維護措施與保存狀況············ 172
第二節 山西三關地區山林的維護與採伐············ 177
一、地理形勢·················································· 177
二、三關的山禁與護林··································· 179
三、山林破壞主因及其處置··························· 181
四、三關沿線山林狀態的記述························ 188
第三節 陝西四鎮地區護林政策措施的稽考········· 190
一、延綏鎮的地理環境與護林························ 191
二、寧夏鎮的邊林保護··································· 196
三、固原鎮的邊防與山林······························· 199
四、甘肅鎮的邊防與山林······························· 202
第六章 結 論························································ 207
參考書目···································································· 213
作者简介
近三十年來，全球自然環境變遷劇烈，環境史研究隨之蓬勃發展。本書為環境史領域著作，以森林保護及樹木砍伐為探討角度，選擇兩者產生衝突與矛盾，並成為明代重要課題的北方沿邊林木為研究主題，考察檢討明代的護林理念措施，以及北邊防區護林與伐木的實際情況。
本書首先由樹木崇敬與風水護林觀念、山澤觀念、林木利用思想、環境問題與山林保護四個層面，分析探討明人有關山林保護的觀念思想；接續考察明代以工部為主的山林川澤（自然資源）管理機構和制度，以及護林法令、政策和相關措施的推動情形。中心議題為北邊防區護林與伐木的衝突。自明代北邊國防形勢演變的概述開始，再由國防戰略角度，探討明代的北邊防禦歷史中，基於戰略目的而對境外和沿邊林木採取的不同政策與措施，如燒荒、出邊樵採禁令、邊林培護等等。復依據明代邊鎮的設置，劃分區域，考察各邊鎮採伐與保護林木的實際活動及演變，推論各沿邊地帶的山林狀態變化，以期呈現明代北邊防區護林與伐木衝突的整體面貌，並對明代山林生態歷史的建構作出貢獻。