Direct Application of International Criminal Law in National Courts国际法庭上国际刑法的直接应用

书籍目录

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsList of AbbreviationsChapter I　Introduction　1.  Introduction to the Problem　2.  Methodology　3.  Limitations　4.  Defining the Framework: International Law in National Courts　5.  Applicable Law: Substantive Criminality for the Core Crimes　6.  StructureChapter II　Practice: Core Crimes Prosecutions in National Courts　1.  Introduction　2.  Prosecution on the Basis of National Law　　2.1  Prosecution as an Ordinary Crime    2.2  Prosecution as an International Crime　　　2.2.a   International Crimes in National Law　　　2.2.b  Case Study: Genocide　3.  Prosecution on the Basis of International Law: Direct Application　　3.1  Introduction　　3.2  Specific Rule of l~eference　　　3.2.a   Rule of Reference for Substantive Criminality　　　3.2.b   Rule of Reference to Establish Jurisdiction　　3.3  General Rule of Reference　　　3.3.a   Introduction　　　3.3.b  Germany　　　3.3.c   Switzerland　　　3.3.d  Australia　　　3.3.e   Senegal　　　3.3.f   Belgium　　　3.3.g  United States of America　　　3.3.h   England and Wales　　　3.3.i   Canada　　　3.3.j   France　　　3.3.k  Netherlands　　　3.3.1   Ethiopia　　　3.3.m  Argentina　　　3.3.n   Hungary　　　3.3.o   Other States　4.  ConclusionChapter III　Underlying Considerations: What Crime, What Law?　1.  Introduction　2.  Minimalism and Selectivity in Core Crimes Prosecution　3.  Sovereignty　4.  Democratic Legitimacy　5.  Separation of Powers　6.  Manageability of the Law　7.  Development and Coherence of Core Crimes Law　8.  Underinclusion and Overinclusion　9.  Rank and Effects of the Crime and the Law　10. Penalties　11. ConclusionChapter IV　The Public International Law Framework of Implementation　1.  Introduction　2.  Theory: Monism-Dualism　3.  The General Rule: Freedom of Implementation　4.  The Doctrine of Self-Executing Treaties　5.  Limits and Qualifications of the General Rule　　5.1  Limits of the Freedom of Implementation　　5.2  The Principle of Consistent Interpretation　　5.3  Separate Regimes for Specific Categories?　　　5.3.a   International Law of a Humanitarian Character　　　5.3.b   Jus Cogens　6  ConclusionChapter V　The Framework of Implementation for the Core Crimes　1.  Introduction　2.  Characteristics of International Criminal Law　3.  Characteristics of the Core Crimes　　3.1  The Grave Character of the Core Crimes　　3.2  The Jus Cogens Status of the Core Crimes    3.3  The Duty to Prosecute Core Crimes　　　3.3.a   Basis of the Duty to Prosecute in International Law　　……Chapter VIChapter VII

作者简介

When national courts judge international crimes like genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, they can draw on both national and international criminal law. The relationship between these two bodies of law is not always clear. Can national courts base prosecutions of international crimes directly on international criminal law? In a world where national laws often proscribe international crimes in an incomplete or deficient manner, this question has considerable practical relevance for the enforcement of international criminal law. Yet, it has received little attention in doctrine while practice shows widely divergent approaches of national courts to the feasibility of direct application. The author examines the concept of the direct application of international criminal law in national courts. He provides a rich description of the relevant practice in many different States ranging from Argentina to Senegal. Easily accessible, this book is a valuable tool for academics and practitioners alike.

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