安德鲁·弗莱彻政治著作选

章节摘录

Two hundred years being already passed since this alteration began, Europe has felt the effects of it by sad experience; and the true causes of the change are now become more visible. To lay open this matter in its full extent, it will be necessary to look farther back, and examine the original and constitution of those governments that were established in Europe about the year 400, and continued till this alteration. When the Goths, Vandals, and other warlike nations, had at dif- ferent times, and under different leaders, overrun the western parts of the Roman empire, they introduced the following form of government into all the nations they subdued. The general of the army became king of the conquered country; and the conquest being absolute, he divided the lands amongst the great officers of his army, afterwards called barons; who again parcelled out their several terri-tories in smaller portions to the inferiour soldiers that had followed them in the wars, and who then became their vassals, enjoying those lands for military service. The king reserved to himself some demesnes for the maintenance of his court and attendance. When this was done, there was no longer any standing army kept on foot, but every man went to live upon his own lands; and when the defence of the country required an army, the king summoned the barons to his standard, who came attended with their vassals. Thus were the armies of Europe composed for about eleven hundred years; and this constitution of government put the sword into the hands of the subject, because the vassals depended more immedi-ately on the barons than on the king, which effectually secured the freedom of those governments. For the barons could not make use of their power to destroy those limited monarchies, without destroying their own grandeur; nor could the king invade their privileges, having no other forces than the vassals of his own demesnes to rely upon for his support in such an attempt.

内容概要

Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun(1653-1716)was one of the most acute observers of the Europen political order of his time,and an important forerunner of the Scottish Enlightenment.Famous in his own day and since for his patriotic pooosition to the Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707,in his political thought Fletcher was an admirer of the ancients and a student of Machiavelli,who sought to adapt Machiavelli's concepts to a world increasingly shaped by commerce.His lucidly written works address the fate of small nations dominated by larger,the concentration of power and wealth in great capital cities,and the prospects for new political union which would be to the benefit of all of Europe's regions.

This is the first complete modern edition of Fletcher's works.The editor's introduction draws on new research into Fletcher's life and thought,and the annotated text enables to appreciate for the first time the range and sharpness of Flecther's analysis.

书籍目录

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Chronology of Fletcher's life

Bibliographical guide

Biographical notes

A note on the text and edition

Political Works

A Discourse of Government with relation to Militias

Two Discourses concerning the Affairs of Scotland:written in the year 1698

A Discourse concerning the Affairs of Spain:written in the month of July,1698

A Speech upon the State of the Nation；in April 1701

Speeches by a member of the Parliament which began at Edinburth the 6th of May,1703

An Account of a Conversation comcerning a Righ Regulation of Governments for the common Good of Mankind.In a Letter to the Marquiss of Montrose,the Earls of Rothes,Roxburg and Haddington,from London the first of December,1703

List of variants

作者简介

《安德鲁•弗莱彻政治著作选》：在政治理论领域，“剑桥政治思想史原著系列”作为主要的学术教科丛书，如今已牢固确立了其地位。《剑桥政治思想史原著系列》旨在使学生能够获得从古希腊到20世纪初期西方政治思想史方面所有最为重要的原著。它囊括了所有著名的经典原著，但与此同时，它又扩展了传统的评价尺度，以便能够纳入范围广泛、不那么出名的作品。而在此之前，这些作品中有许多从未有过现代英文版本可资利用。只要可能，所选原著都会以完整而不删节的形式出版，其中的译作则是专门为《剑桥政治思想史原著系列》的目的而安排。每一本书都有一个评论性的导言，加上历史年表、生平梗概、进一步阅读指南，以及必要的词汇表和原文注解。《剑桥政治思想史原著系列》最终目的是，为西方政治思想的整个发展脉络提供一个清晰的轮廓。

图书封面

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