大学的理念

章节摘录

　　"If these studies," he continues, "be such as give a direct play andexercise to the faculty of the judgment, then they are the true basis ofeducation for the active and inventive powers, whether destined fora profession or any other use. Miscellaneous as the assemblage mayappear, of history, eloquence, poetry, ethics, etc., blended together,they will all conspire in an union of effect. They are necessarymutually to explain and interpret each other. The knowledge derivedfrom them all will amalgamate, and the habits of a mind versedand practised in them by turns will join to produce a richer vein ofthought and of more general and practical application than could beobtained of any single one, as the fusion of the metals into Corinthianbrass gave the artist his most ductile and perfect material. Might weventure to imitate an author (whom indeed it is much safer to takeas an authority than to attempt to copy), Lord Bacon, in some of hisconcise illustrations of the comparative utility of the different studies,we should say that history would give fulness, moral philosophystrength, and poetry elevation to the understanding. Such in reality isthe natural force and tendency of the studies; but there are few mindssusceptible enough to derive from them any sort of virtue adequate tothose high expressions. We must be contented therefore to lower ourpanegyric to this, that a person cannot avoid receivng some infusionand tincture, at least, of those several qualities, from that course ofdiversified reading. One thing is unquestionable, that the elements ofgeneral reason are not to be found fully and truly expressed in any onekind of study; and that he who would wish to know her idiom, mustread it in many books.　　"If different studies are useful for aiding, they are still moreuseful for correcting each other; for as they have their particularmerits severally, so they have their defects, and the most extensiveacquaintance with one can produce only an intellect either too flashyor too jejune, or infected with some other fault of confined reading.History, for example, shows things as they are, that is, the morals andinterests of men disfigured and perverted by all their imperfections ofpassion, folly, and ambition; philosophy strips the picture too much;poetry adorns it too much; the concentrated lights of the three correctthe false peculiar colouring of each, and show us the truth. The rightmode of thinking upon it is to be had from them taken all together,as every one must know who has seen their united contributionsof thought and feeling expressed in the masculine sentiment of ourimmortal statesman, Mr. Burke, whose eloquence is inferior only tohis more admirable wisdom, If any mind improved like his, is to beour instructor, we must go to the fountain head of things as he did,and study not his works but his method; by the one we may becomefeeble imitators, by the other arrive at some ability of our own. But,as all biography assures us, he, and every other able thinker, has beenformed, not by a parsimonious admeasurement of studies to some definite future object (which is Mr. Edgeworth's maxim), but by takinga wide and liberal compass, and thinking a great deal on many subjectswith no better end in view than because the exercise was one which made them more rational and intelligent beings."　　……

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　　《大学的理念》是近代高等教育史上第一本论述大学理念的专著，在出版一百多年后的今天，仍对世界高等教育的发展有着积极的影响。美国著名高等教育家布鲁贝克指出：“在高等教育哲学领域的所有著作中，影响最为持久的当推红衣主教纽曼的《大学的理念》。”　　“我要说，如果我们要改进心智，首先必须上升到一定的高度。在同一水平上，我们不可能获得真正的知识。我们必须概括、总结方法，我们必须掌握种种原则，并借助这些把我们所获得的东西进行分类，使之成形。”　　——约翰·亨利·纽曼

内容概要

约翰•亨利•纽曼（1801－1890），19世纪英国著名的教育家、文学家、语言学家和神学家。纽曼出生于一个温和的新教圣公会家庭。1817年6月进入牛津大学三一学院，1820年取得学士学位，并在两年后成为牛津大学奥列尔学院的特别研究员。纽曼在1824年被授予英国国教会的圣职，此间出版10卷布道集。纽曼学识渊博，著述丰富，《大学的理念》是他最重要也是最有影响力的代表作。

书籍目录

Preface

Part One UNIVERSITY TEACHING

Discourse I. Introductory

Discourse II. Theology—A Branch of Knowledge

Discourse III. Bearing of Theology on Other Branches of Knowledge

Discourse IV. Bearing of Other Branches of Knowledge on Theology

Discourse V. Knowledge Its Own End

Discourse VI. Knowledge Viewed in Relation to Learning

Discourse VII. Knowledge Viewed in Relation to Professional Skill

Discourse VIII. Knowledge Viewed in Relation to Religion

Discourse IX. Duties of the Church Towards Knowledge

Part Two UNIVERSITY SUBJECTS, DISCUSSED IN OCCASIONAL LECTURES AND ESSAYS

Lecture I. Christianity and Letters—A Lecture in the School of Philosophy and Letters

Lecture II. Literature—A Lecture in the School of Philosophy and Letters

Lecture III. English Catholic Literature

Lecture IV. Elementary Studies

Lecture V. A Form of Infidelity of the Day

Lecture VI. University Preaching

Lecture VII. Christianity and Physical Science—A Lecture in the School of Medicine Lecture

Lecture VIII. Christianity and Scientific Investigation—A Lecture Written for the School of Science

Lecture IX. Discipline of Mind—An Address to The Evening Classes

Lecture X. Christianity And Medical Science. An Address to the Students Of Medicine•

作者简介

《大学的理念》是西方高等教育史上较早系统、综合、全面地论述大学教育的基本理论问题的名著。在书中，纽曼对自由教育做出了新的界定，对自由教育与专业教育的关系进行了详细的探讨，阐述自由教育的本质和作用，说明大学教育的实质、任务和理想。书中倡导的以古典人文学科教育为主要内容和以注重理性的开发为主要内涵的自由教育理想，在当时及其以后都对世界教育的发展产生了广泛而深远的影响。

图书封面

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