应用光学

章节摘录

版权页：插图：Chapter lBasic Principles ofGeometrical Optics1.1  Waves and RaysLight is very closely related to the life and well-being of mankind. The growth ofplants relies on light, and human vision relies on light as well. The idiom "seeing isbelieving" reflects people's recognition of the importance of light.  People accumulatedabundant perceptual knowledge of light through practical experience, and started tostudy light a long time ago.There are two branches of people's study of light.  One is to study the nature of lightin order to explain various optical phenomena, which is called physical optics; the otheriS to study the laws and phenomena of light propagation, which is called geometricaloptics.The study of the nature of light started very early but progressed relatively slowly.In 1666, Newton first postulated that light is a kind of elastic corpuscles, which is thecorpuscular theory.  In 1678, Huygens put forward the wave theory, which says thatlight is a kind of elastic wave propagating in "ether".  In 1873, according of thecharacteristics of the electromagnetic waves, Maxwell showed that light is in fact anelectromagnetic disturbance. In 1905, in order to explain the photoelectric effect,Einstein proposed the hypothesis of "photon", which was later confirmed by thediscovery of the Compton's effect.  Thereafter people began to have a more correct andcomplete understanding of the nature of light.  In modern physics, light is considered tobe a kind of matter with wave-particle duality, namely it has the characteristics of boththe waves and the corpuscles.  Under certain circumstances, one group of characteristicsis more apparent than the other. Except for the cases to study the interaction betweenlight and substances when the corpuscular characteristics of the light must be taken intoaccount, light can generally be considered as a kind of electromagnetic waves, whichare called light waves.

书籍目录

Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Geometrical Optics
1.1 Waves and Rays
1.2 Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics
1.3 Refractive Index and Speed of Light
1.4 Reversibility of Ray Paths and Total Internal Reflection
1.5 Vector Form of Basic Laws
1.6 Classification of Optical Systems and Concept of Imaging
1.7 Ideal Images and Ideal Optical Systems
Chapter 2 Image Formation of Symmetrical Systems Made from
Spherical Surfaces
2.1 Ray Tracing Formulae for Symmetrical Systems Made from
Spherical Surfaces
2.2 Sign Conventions
2.3 Imaging Characters and Ray Tracing in the Paraxial Region
2.4 Basic Formulae of the Paraxial Region
2.5 Cardinal Points of an Optical System
2.6 Principal Planes and Focal Points of a Single Refracting
Surface
2.7 Principal Planes and Focal.Points of a Coaxial Spheric
System
2.8 Chart.lllustration forlmage Formation
2.9 Image Positions and Sizes
2.10 Magnifications of Optical Systems
2.11 The Opticallnvariant
2.12 Relationship Between the Front and Back Effective Focal
Lengths
2.13 Nodal Planes and Nodal Points
2.14 Image Height of the Object at Infinity
2.15 Combination ofldeal Optical Systems
2.16 Ray Tracing for Ideal Optical Systems
2.17 Equations for Calculating the Positions of the Principal
Planes and Focal Points of a Single Lens
Chapter 3 Instruments for Human Eyes
3.1 Characteristics of the Eye
3.2 Principles of the Magnifier and the Microscope
3.3 Principle of the Telescope
3.4 Defects of Eyes and Diopter Accommodation of Optical
Instruments
3.5 Spatial Depth of Focus and Stereoscopic Effect
3.6 Binocular Instruments
Chapter 4 Mirror and Prism Systems
4.1 Applications of Mirror and Prism Systems in Optical
Instruments
4.2 Imaging Properties of Mirrors
4.3 Rotation of Mirrors
4.4 Prism and Its Unfolding
4.5 Roof Surfaces and Roof Prisms
4.6 Imaging Properties of the Parallel Glass Block and Prism Size
Calculation
4.7 Determination of Image Orientations for Mirrors and
Prisms
4.8 Combination of the Coaxial System and the Mirror and Prism
System
4.9 Prism Rotation Law
Chapter 5 Selection of Image Rays in Optical Systems
5.1 Stop and Its Application
5.2 Selection of Imaging Rays in Telescope Systems
5.3 Selection of Imaging Rays in the Microscope and Telecentric
System
5.4 Field Lenses
5.5 Depth of Field
Chapter 6 Basics of Radiometry and Photometry
6.1 Solid Angle and Its Applications in Photometry
6.2 Basic Ideas in Radiometry
6.3 Relative Sensitivity of the Eye to Different Wavelengths
6.4 Basic Ideas in Photometry
6.5 Illuminance Formula and the Cosine Law of Luminous
Intensity
6.6 Luminance of the Perfect Diffusive Surface
……
Chapter 7 Image Quality of Optical Systems
Chapter 8 Telescopes and Microscopes
Chapter 9 Cameras and Projectors
Chapter 10 Other Optical Systems
Vocabulary
Bibliography

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《APPLIED OPTICS 应用光学(英文版)(第2版)》为北京市高等教育精品教材之一。

作者简介

《APPLIED OPTICS 应用光学(英文版)(第2版)》内容简介：This book， Applied Optics， is a fundamental technical course for the specialties of optical engineering， optical measurement， control instruments and electronic science and technology. The book mainly includes basictheories and methods of how to solve problems of geometrical optics， typicaloptical instruments， optical measurement， color measurement， optical fibersystems， laser systems and infrared optics. The knowledge mentioned aboveis a must for the opto-electronic students' learning.

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