新编英语语法教程

章节摘录

　　Lecture 40　　From Sentence to Text　　Thc previous 39 lectures are chiefly concerned with morphologyand syntax in spite of the fact that the use of sentences is often de-scribed in connection with contexts. In this last lecture we shall ex-amine the role of sentences in the construction of a text or connect-ed discourse.40. 1　Sentence and text　　As has been pointed out, the sentence isthe highest rank ofgrammatical unit and also the basic linguistic unit constituting atext. A text, spoken or written, is a structurally cohesive and se-mantically coherent unit realized by a string of sentences for com-municative purposes.　　1） Sentence meaning and communicative function　　No authentic sentences exist in a vacuum; they are invariablyassociated with a context or situation in which they are used, and itis the context or situation that determines the communicative func-tion of sentences.　　Lvery sentence has its meaning, which is closely related to, butcan by no means be equated with, its communicative function. Sen-tences, as we know, fall into four types: statement, question, Com-mand, and exclamation. This classification, which is chiefly basedon grammatical structure, is far from satisfactory in terms of com,municative function. Statements, for example, are not always usedto state a fact, and questions are not always used to ask a question.

前言

　　随着改革开放的日趋深入，社会各界对外语人才的需求持续增长，我国英语专业的招生规模逐年扩大，教学质量不断提高。英语专业本科生教育的改革、学科建设及教材的出版亦取得了巨大的成绩，先后出版了一系列在全国有影响的精品教材。21世纪的到来对英语人才的培养提出了更高的标准，同时也为学科建设和教材编写提出了新的要求。随着中国加入世界贸易组织，社会需要的不是仅仅懂英语的毕业生，而是思维科学、心理健康、知识面广博、综合能力强，并能熟练运用英语的高素质的专门人才。由于中学新的课程标准的颁布，中学生英语水平逐年提升，英语专业本科生入学时的基础和综合素质也相应提高。此外，大学英语（公外）教育的迅猛发展，学生英语能力的提高，也为英语专业学生的培养提出了严峻的挑战和更新更高的要求。这就规定了21世纪的英语教学不是单纯的英语培训，而是英语教育，是以英语为主体，全面培养高素质的复合型人才。教材的编写和出版也应顺随这种潮流。　　为了迎接时代的挑战，作为我国最大的外语教材和图书出版基地之一的上海外语教育出版社（外教社）理应成为外语教材出版的领头羊。在充分调研的基础上，外教社及时抓住机遇，于新世纪之初约请了全国25所主要外语院校和教育部重点综合大学英语院系的50多位英语教育家，在上海召开了“全国高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材编写委员会会议”。代表们一致认同了编写面向新世纪教材的必要性、可行性和紧迫性，并对编写思想、教材构建、编写程序等提出了建议和要求。

书籍目录

第一部分 《新编英语语法教程》的体系特征第二部分 英文讲授提纲Introduction：Grammatical Hierarchy0．1 Morphemes0．2 Words0．3 Phrases0．4 Clauses0．5 SentencesLecture 1 Sentence Structure1．1 Clause elements1．2 Basic clause types and their transformation and expansmnLecture 2 Subject-verb Concord(Ⅰ)2．1 Guiding principles2．2 Problems of concord with nouns ending in2．3 Problems of concord with collective nouns as subjectLecture 3 Subject-verb Concord(Ⅰ)3．1 Problems of concord with a coordinate subject3．2 Problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject3．3 Other problems of subject．verb concordLecture 4 Noun and Noun Phrase4．1 Classification of nouns and function of noun phrases4．2 Number forms of nouns4．3 Partitives?Lecture 5 Genitive Noun5．1 Formation，meanings and uses of genitive nouns5．2 Independent genitive and double genitiveLecture 6 Determiners(Ⅰ)6．1 Collocations be：tween determiners and nouns6．2 Collocations between determiners6．3 A comparative study of some determiner usageLecture 7 Determiners(Ⅰ)Articles7．1 Generic and specific reference7．2 Articles in use with different classes of nounLecture 8 Pronouns(Ⅰ)8．1 Pronoun concord in number8．2 Pronoun concord in gender8．3 Pronoun concord in personLecture 9 Pronouns(Ⅱ)9．1 Choice of pronoun case forms9．2 Possessive pronouns，reflexive pronotms and generic use of personal pronouns9．3 Pronoun referenceLecture 10 Verb and Verb Phrase10．1 C1assification of verbs(Ⅰ)10．2 Classification of verbs(Ⅱ)10．3 A survey of tense，aspect，voice and moodLecture 11 Tense and Aspect(Ⅰ)11．1 Uses of simple present11．2 Uses of simple past11．3 Uses of present progressive11．4 Uses of past progressiveLecture 12 Tense and Aspect(Ⅰ)12．1 Uses of present perfective(progressive)12．2 Uses of past perfective(progressive)12．3 More on the use of perfective aspectLecture 13 Means of Expressing Future Time13．1 Constructions denoting future time13．2 Means of expressing past futureLecture 14 Passive Voice(Ⅰ)14．1 Active sentence and passive sentence14．2 Passive voice of phrasal verbs14．3 Passive voice of non-finite verbsLecture 15 Passive Voice(Ⅱ)15．1 Uses of passive sentences15．2 Passive constructions and passive meaningsLecture 16 Subjunctive Mood16．1 BEsubjunctive16．2 WEREsubjunctive16．3 ，Some few notes on ways of expressing hypothetical meaningsLecture 17 Auxiliaries(Ⅰ)17．1 Modals and modal meanings17．2 Epistemic and non．epistemic use of modalsLecture 18 Auxiliaries(Ⅱ)18．1 Semi．auxiliaries18．2 Contracted forms of auxiliariesLecture 19 Infinitive(Ⅰ)19．1 Forms of the infinitive19．2 Some few notes on the use of the infinitive signLecture 20 Infinitive(Ⅱ)20．1 Adjective+infinitive20．2 Noun(phrase)+infinitive20．3 Verb+infinitiveLecture 21 -ing Participle21．1 Collocation of?ing participle with verbs21．2 Verbs followed either by infinitive or bying participleLecture 22 -ed Participle22．1 -ed participle as premodifier22．2 -ed participle as complement22．3 Some few notes on“dangling participlesLecture 23 Adjective and Adjective Phrase23．1 Classification of adjectives23．2 Adjectives and participles23．3 Adjective(phrase)．as modifier in noun phrases23．4 Adjective phrases as complementLecture 24 Adverb and Adverb Phrase24．1 Chief uses of adverbs and adverb phrases24．2 Adverbs with or withoutlyLecture 25 Comparison and Comparative Constructions25．1 Comparison of adjectives and adverbs25．2 Comparative constructions25．3 Contrast between comparative constructionsLecture 26 Preposition and Prepositional Phrase26．1 Collocation of prepositions with adjectives，verbs and nouns26．2 Complex prepositions……第三部分 练习参考答案

编辑推荐

　　《新编英语语法教程(第4版)(教师用书)》列入普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材　　培养高素质、复合型外语创新人才理念新颖　　人文、科学知识融入教材特色明显　　覆盖知识，技能，文化等科目，总数超过150种体系完备　　全国30余所著名高校百余位英语教育专家参加编写阵容强大　　本套教材的编写和出版，不仅能满足21世纪英语人才培养的需要，其前瞻性、先进性和创新性也将为外语乃至其他学科教材的编写开辟一条新的思路，拓展一片新的视野。

作者简介

“新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材”是普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材，“十一五”国家级规划教材。本套教材不仅能满足21世纪英语人才培养的需要，其前瞻性、先进性和创新性也为外语乃至其他学科教材的编写开辟了一条新的思路、拓展一片新的视野。★理念新颖：培养高素质、复合型外语创新人才为理念★特色鲜明：将人文、科学知识融入教材★体系完备：覆盖知识、技能、文化等科目，总数超过150种★阵容强大：全国30余所著名高校百余位英语教育专家编写。 本书初版于1990年获“华东区大学出版社优秀图书一等奖”；其第二版于1998年获“上海市高等学校优秀教材一等奖”。这一最新的第四版是“普通高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材”之一。本书是一部兼有教科书和参考书双重功能的新型英语语法著作，体系新颖，内容充实，兼收并蓄，与时俱进。自1983年出版问世以来，经过三次修订，几十次印刷，累计印数达一百余万册，对我国高校英语教学起到了积极的作用。本书曾于1982年12月经由复旦大学、四川大学、杭州大学、北京外国语大学、西安外国语学院、华东师范大学、华中师范大学等15所院校有关专家学者组成的审稿会审查通过，并经我国高校外语专业教材编审委员会审批，推荐为高等学校教材。

图书封面

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