社会心理学

章节摘录

版权页：   插图：   Dozens of studies in Europe, North America, Australia, and South Africa showthat mistakes also subside when witnesses simply make individual yes or no judg-ments in response to a sequence of people （Lindsay & Wells, 1985; Meissner & oth-ers, 2005; Steblay & others, 2001）. A simultaneous lineup tempts people to pick theperson who, among the lineup members, most resembles the perpetrator. Wit-nesses viewing just one suspect at a hme are less likely to make false identifications.If witnesses view a group of photos or people simultaneously, they are more likelyto choose whoever most resembles the culprit. （When not given a same-race lineup,witnesses may pick someone of the culprit's race, especially when it's a differentrace from their own （Wells & Olson, 2001）.） With a "sequential lineup," eyewit-nesses compare each person with their memory of the culprit and make an absolutedecision-match or no-match （Gronlund, 2004a, 2004b）. These no-cost procedures make police lineups more like good experiments.They contain a control group （a no-suspect lineup or a lineup in which mock wit-nesses try to guess the suspect based merely on a general description）. They havean experimenter who is blind to the hypothesis （an officer who doesn-tyknowwhich person is the suspect）. Questions are scripted and neutral, so they don'tsubtly demand a particular response （the procedure doesn't imply the culprit isin the lineup）. And they prohibit confidence-inflating post-lineup comments（"you got him"） prior to trial testimony. Such procedures greatly reduce the nat-ural human confirmation bias （having an idea and seeking confirming evi-dence）. Lineups can also now be effectively administered by computers （MacLin& others, 2005）. Although procedures such as double-blind testing are common in psycholog-ical science, they are still uncommon in criminal procedures （Wells & Olson,2003）. But their time may be coming. New Jersey's attorney general has man-dated statewide blind testing （to avoid steering witnesses toward suspects） andsequentiallineups （to minimize simply comparing people and choosing the per-son who most resembles the one they saw commit a crime） （Kolata & Peterson,2001; Wells & others, 2002）. Police might also use a new procedure tested by SeanPryke, Rod Lindsay, and colleagues （2004）. They invited students to identify aprior class visitor from multiple lineups that separately presented face, body,and voice samples. Their finding: An eyewitness who consistently identified thesame suspect-by face, by body, and byy voice-was nearly always an accurateeyewitness.

内容概要

自从获得爱荷华大学的博士学位之后，戴维·迈尔斯就在密歇根的霍普学院工作，成为那里的John Dirk Werkman 心理学教授，并且开设了多门社会心理学的课程。霍普学院的学生邀请他在毕业典礼上发言并评选他为“最杰出的教授”。

迈尔斯曾在30多种科学书籍和期刊上发表过多篇论文，包括《科学》、《美国科学家》、《心理科学》和《美国心理学家》等。除了学术著作和教科书，同时他还致力于把心理科学介绍给广大民众。他在许多杂志上发表过科普类文章，如《今日教育》和《科学美国人》。

他撰写的《心理学》（本书由著名心理学家黄希庭教授组织翻译并审校，将于２006年出版，敬请期待）是当今最畅销的心理学导论性教材，600多万学生在用它来学习心理学。同样，这本《社会心理学》在过去的10年中占了将近30%的市场份额（社会心理学类书籍）。正如他在《心理学》第7版前言中所写的，“我希望以一种充满热情的、富有个性的方式来讲述心理学，而不仅仅用一种严谨的科学方式”。这应该就是他的教材如此受欢迎的秘诀吧。

戴维·迈尔斯还是城市人际关系委员会的主席，帮助创建了一个快速发展的协助中心，以扶助贫困家庭，同时他还去过数以百计的大学和社区做演讲。凭借自己丰富的人生经历，他还写了有关听力丧失的一些文章和一本书（《无声的世界》），而且他还倡导在美国进行一场助听技术革命（hearingloop.org）。

书籍目录

Chapter 1 Introducing Social Psychology

Part One Social Thinking

Chapter 2 The Self in a Social World

Chapter 3 Social Beliefs and Judgments

Chapter 4 Behavior and Attitudes

Part Two Social Influence

Chapter 5 Genes, Culture, and Gender

Chapter 6 Conformity and Obedience

Chapter 7 Persuasion

Chapter 8 Group Influence

Part Three Social Relations

Chapter 9 Prejudice: Disliking Others

Chapter 10 Aggression: Hurting Others

Chapter 11 Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others

Chapter 12 Helping

Chapter 13 Conflict and Peacemaking

Part Four Applying Social Psychology

Chapter 14 Social Psychology in the Clinic

Chapter 15 Social Psychology in Court

Chapter 16 Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

编辑推荐

《社会心理学(英文版本)(第9版)》是一本将生活和理论完美结合的经典之作，它是指导人们认识自我、了解社会、理解自己与社会之间关系的最佳书籍。当我最初应邀撰写《社会心理学》时。我立刻想到此书应该具有坚实的科学性和温暖的人性，具有事实精确性和智力启发性。作为作者，传播这门学科的知识对我来说是一件很快乐的事。如果我的礼物给你带来了任何的愉悦、激励和充实感的话，我的快乐就会倍增。 ——戴维•迈尔斯

作者简介

《社会心理学(英文版本)(第9版)》是迈尔斯畅销全球的《社会心理学》2008年的第9版英文本的影印版，该书在美国被700多所学及学院心理系所采用，是这一领域当之无愧的主导教材，已经成为评价其他同类教材的标准。

《社会心理学(英文版本)(第9版)》将基础研究与实践应用完美地的结合在一起，以富有逻辑性的组织结构引领学生了解人们是如何探索、影响他人并与他人建立联系的。是人们了解自身、了解社会、了解自身与社会之间关系的最佳指导性书籍。

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