计算机网络

章节摘录

版权页：插图：Before we start to examine the technical issues in detail, it is worth devotingsome time to pointing out why people are interested in computer networks andwhat they can be used for.After all, if nobody were interested in computer net-works,few of them would be built. We will start with traditional uses at com-panies,then move on to home networking and recent developments regardingmobile users, and finish with social issues.1.1.1 usiness Applications Most companies have a substantial number of computers. For example, acompany may have a computer for each worker and use them to design products,write brochures, and do the payroll.Initially, some of these computers may haveworked in isolation from the others, but at some point, management may havedecided to connect them to be able to distribute information throughout the com-pany.

前言

　  PREFACE　  This book is now in its fifth edition. Each edition has corresponded to a different phase in the way computer networks were used. When the first edition appearedin 1980, networks were an academic curiosity. When the second edition appeared in 1988, networks were used by universities and large businesses. When the third edition appeared in 1996, computer networks, especially the Internet, had become a daily reality for millions of people. By the fourth edition, in 2003, wireless networks and mobile computers had become commonplace for accessing the Web and the Internet. Now, in the fifth edition, networks are about content distribution(especially videos using CDNs and peer-to-peer networks) and mobile phones are small computers on the Internet.　  Among the many changes in this book, the most important one is the addition f Prof. David J. Wetheall as a co-author. David brings a rich background in networking,having cut his teeth designing metropolitan-area networks more than 20years ago. He has worked with the Internet and wireless networks ever since and is a professor at the University of Washington, where he has been teaching and doing research on computer networks and related topics for the past decade.　  Of course, the book also has many changes to keep up with the: ever-changing world of computer networks. Among these are revised and new material on Wireless networks (802.12 and 802.16)　  The 3G networks used by smart phones　  RFID and sensor networks　  Content distribution using CDNs　  Peer-to-peer networks　  Real-time media (from stored, streaming, and live sources)　  Internet telephony (voice over IP)　  Delay-tolerant networks　  A more detailed chapter-by-chapter list follows.　  Chapter 1 has the same introductory function as in the fourth edition, but the contents have been revised and brought up to date. The Internet, mobile phone networks, 802.11, and RFID and sensor networks are discussed as examples of computer networks. Material on the original Ethernet—with its vampire taps—has been removed, along with the material on ATM.　  Chapter 2, which covers the physical layer, has expanded coverage of digital modulation (including OFDM as widely used in wireless networks) and 3G networks (based on CDMA). New technologies are discussed, including Fiber to the Home and power-line networking.　  Chapter 3, on point-to-point links, has been improved in two ways. The material on codes for error detection and correction has been updated, and also includes a brief description of the modern codes that are important in practice (e.g., convolutional and LDPC codes). The examples of protocols now use Packet over SONET and ADSL. Sadly, the material on protocol verification has been removed as it is little used.　  In Chapter 4, on the MAC sublayer, the principles are timeless but the technologies have changed. Sections on the example networks have been redone accordingly, including gigabit Ethernet, 802.11, 802.16, Bluetooth, and RFID.　  Also updated is the coverage of LAN switching, including VLANs.　  Chapter 5, on the network layer, covers the same ground as in the fourth edition.　  .　　The revisions have been to update material and add depth, particularly for quality of service (relevant for real-time media) and internetworking. The sections on BGP, OSPF and CIDR have been expanded, as has the treatment of multicast routing. Anycast routing is now included.　  Chapter 6, on the transport layer, has had material added, revised, and removed.　  New material describes delay-tolerant networking and congestion control in general. The revised material updates and expands the coverage of TCP congestion control. The material removed described connection-oriented network layers, something rarely seen any more.　  Chapter 7, on applications, has also been updated and enlarged. While material on DNS and email is similar to that in the fourth edition, in the past few years there have been many developments in the use of the Web, streaming media and content delivery. Accordingly, sections on the Web and streaming media have been brought up to date. A new section covers content distribution, including CDNs and peer-to-peer networks.　  Chapter 8, on security, still covers both symmetric and public-key cryptography for confidentiality and authenticity. Material on the techniques used in practice, including firewalls and VPNs, has been updated, with new material on 802.11 security and Kerberos V5 added.　  Chapter 9 contains a renewed list of suggested readings and a comprehensive bibliography of over 300 citations to the current literature. More than half of these are to papers and books written in 2000 or later, and the rest are citations to classic papers.　  Computer books are full of acronyms. This one is no exception. By the time you are finished reading this one, the following should ring a bell: ADSL, AES, AJAX, AODV, AP, ARP, ARQ, AS, BGP, BOC, CDMA, CDN, CGI, CIDR, CRL, CSMA, CSS, DCT, DES, DHCP, DHT, DIFS, DMCA, DMT, DMZ, DNS,DOCSIS, DOM, DSLAM, DTN, FCFS, FDD, FDDI, FDM, FEC, FIFO, FSK,FTP, GPRS, GSM, HDTV, HFC, HMAC, HTTP, IAB, ICANN, ICMP, IDEA,IETF, IMAP, IMP, IP, IPTV, IRTF, ISO, ISP, ITU, JPEG, JSP, JVM, LAN,LATA, LEC, LEO, LLC, LSR, LTE, MAN, MFJ, MIME, MPEG, MPLS, MSC,MTSO, MTU, NAP, NAT, NRZ, NSAP, OFDM, OSI, OSPF, PAWS, PCM, PGP,PIM, PKI, POP, POTS, PPP, PSTN, QAM, QPSK, RED, RFC, RFID, RPC, RSA,RTSP, SHA, SIP, SMTP, SNR, SOAP, SONET, SPE, SSL, TCP, TDD, TDM,TSAP, UDP, UMTS, URL, VLAN, VSAT, WAN, WDM, and XML. But don’t worry. Each will appear in and be carefully defined before it is used. As a fun test, see how many you can identify before reading the book, write the number in the margin, then try again after reading the book.　  To help instructors use this book as a text for courses ranging in length from quarters to semesters, we have structured the chapters into core and optional material.　  The sections marked with a ‘‘*’’ in the table of contents are the optional ones. If a major section (e.g., 2.7) is so marked, all of its subsections are optional.　  They provide material on network technologies that is useful but can be omitted from a short course without loss of continuity. Of course, students should be encouraged to read those sections as well, to the extent they have time, as all the material is up to date and of value.　  The following protected instructors’ resource materials are available on the publisher’s Web site at www.pearsonhighered.com/tanenbaum. For a username and password, please contact your local Pearson representative.　  Solutions manual　  PowerPoint lecture slides　  Resources for students are available through the open-access Companion Web site link on www.pearsonhighered.com/tanenbaum, including Web resources, links to tutorials, organizations, FAQs, and more Figures, tables, and programs from the book Steganography demo Protocol simulators　  Many people helped us during the course of the fifth edition. We would especially like to thank Emmanuel Agu (Worcester Polytechnic Institute), Yoris Au (University of Texas at Antonio), Nikhil Bhargava (Aircom International, Inc.),Michael Buettner (University of Washington), John Day (Boston University),Kevin Fall (Intel Labs), Ronald Fulle (Rochester Institute of Technology), Ben Greenstein (Intel Labs), Daniel Halperin (University of Washington), Bob Kinicki (Worcester Polytechnic Institute), Tadayoshi Kohno (University of Washington),Sarvish Kulkarni (Villanova University), Hank Levy (University of Washington),Ratul Mahajan (Microsoft Research), Craig Partridge (BBN), Michael Piatek (University of Washington), Joshua Smith (Intel Labs), Neil Spring (University of Maryland), David Teneyuca (University of Texas at Antonio), Tammy VanDegrift (University of Portland), and Bo Yuan (Rochester Institute of Technology),for providing ideas and feedback. Melody Kadenko and Julie Svendsen provided administrative support to David.　  Shivakant Mishra (University of Colorado at Boulder) and Paul Nagin (Chimborazo　  Publishing, Inc.) thought of many new and challenging end-of-chapter problems. Our editor at Pearson, Tracy Dunkelberger, was her usual helpful self in many ways large and small. Melinda Haggerty and Jeff Holcomb did a good job of keeping things running smoothly. Steve Armstrong (LeTourneau University) prepared the PowerPoint slides. Stephen Turner (University of Michigan at Flint) artfully revised the Web resources and the simulators that accompany the text. Our copyeditor, Rachel Head, is an odd hybrid: she has the eye of an eagle and the memory of an elephant. After reading all her corrections, both of us wondered how we ever made it past third grade.　  Finally, we come to the most important people. Suzanne has been through this 19 times now and still has endless patience and love. Barbara and Marvin now know the difference between good textbooks and bad ones and are always an inspiration to produce good ones. Daniel and Matilde are welcome additions to our family. Aron is unlikely to read this book soon, but he likes the nice pictures on page 884 (AST). Katrin and Lucy provided endless support and always managed to keep a smile on my face.　  Thank you (DJW).　  ANDREW S. TANENBAUM　  DAVID J.WETHERALL

内容概要

Andrew S. Tanenbaum 国际知名的计算机科学家，著名的技术作家、教育家和研究者，ACM和IEEE两会高级会员，荷兰皇家艺术和科学院院士，荷兰阿姆斯特丹Vrije大学计算机科学系教授。他讲授计算机网络、操作系统和计算机组成等课程30多年，教学成果卓著，其所著的多部计算机科学方面的教材已成为该领域内的范本，得到学术界和教育界的广泛认可，多次获得ACM及其他学术组织颁发的各项荣誉，包括1994年ACM Karl V. Karlstrom杰出教育奖、1997年ACM计算机科学教育杰出贡献奖、2002年Texty卓越教材奖、第10届ACM操作系统原理研讨会杰出论文奖等，他还入选了《世界名人录》。

David J. Wetherall 拥有美国麻省理工学院计算机科学博士学位，现为华盛顿大学西雅图分校计算机科学与工程系副教授。他的研究领域是网络系统，尤其是无线网络和移动计算、网络测量和Internet协议的设计、隐私和安全。

书籍目录

about the authors 10

1 introduction 23

1.1 uses of computer networks, 25

1.1.1 business applications, 25

1.1.2 home applications, 28

1.1.3 mobile users, 32

1.1.4 social issues, 36

1.2 network hardware, 39

1.2.1 personal area networks, 40

1.2.2 local area networks, 41

1.2.3 metropolitan area networks, 45

1.2.4 wide area networks, 45

1.2.5 internetworks, 50

1.3 network software, 51

1.3.1 protocol hierarchies, 51

1.3.2 design issues for the layers, 55

1.3.3 connection-oriented versus connectionless service, 57

1.3.4 service primitives, 60

1.3.5 the relationship of services to protocols, 62

1.4 reference models, 63

.1.4.1 the osi reference model, 63

1.4.2 the tcp/ip reference model, 67

1.4.3 the model used in this book, 70

computer networks contents

fifth edition

preface 6

about the authors 10

1 introduction 23

1.1 uses of computer networks, 25

1.1.1 business applications, 25

1.1.2 home applications, 28

1.1.3 mobile users, 32

1.1.4 social issues, 36

1.2 network hardware, 39

1.2.1 personal area networks, 40

1.2.2 local area networks, 41

1.2.3 metropolitan area networks, 45

1.2.4 wide area networks, 45

1.2.5 internetworks, 50

1.3 network software, 51

1.3.1 protocol hierarchies, 51

1.3.2 design issues for the layers, 55

1.3.3 connection-oriented versus connectionless service, 57

1.3.4 service primitives, 60

1.3.5 the relationship of services to protocols, 62

1.4 reference models, 63

1.4.1 the osi reference model, 63

1.4.2 the tcp/ip reference model, 67

1.4.3 the model used in this book, 70

computer networks contents

fifth edition

preface 6

12?contents

1.4.4 a comparison of the osi and tcp/ip reference models, 71

1.4.5 a critique of the osi model and protocols, 73

1.4.6 a critique of the tcp/ip reference model, 75

1.5 example networks, 76

1.5.1 the internet, 76

1.5.2 third-generation mobile phone networks, 85

1.5.3 wireless lans: 802.11, 90

1.5.4 rfid and sensor networks, 93

1.6 network standardization, 95

1.6.1 who’s who in the telecommunications world, 97

1.6.2 who’s who in the international standards world, 98

1.6.3 who’s who in the internet standards world, 100

1.7 metric units, 102

1.8 outline of the rest of the book, 103

1.9 summary, 104

2 the physical layer 109

2.1 the theoretical basis for data communication, 110

2.1.1 fourier analysis, 110

2.1.2 bandwidth-limited signals, 110

2.1.3 the maximum data rate of a channel, 114

2.2 guided transmission media, 115

2.2.1 magnetic media, 115

2.2.2 twisted pairs, 116

2.2.3 coaxial cable, 117

2.2.4 power lines, 118

2.2.5 fiber optics, 119

2.3 wireless transmission, 125

2.3.1 the electromagnetic spectrum, 125

2.3.2 radio transmission, 129

2.3.3 microwave transmission, 130

2.3.4 infrared transmission, 134

2.3.5 light transmission, 134

contents?13

2.4 communication satellites, 136

2.4.1 geostationary satellites, 137

2.4.2 medium-earth orbit satellites, 141

2.4.3 low-earth orbit satellites, 141

2.4.4 satellites versus fiber, 143

2.5 digital modulation and multiplexing, 145

2.5.1 baseband transmission, 145

2.5.2 passband transmission, 150

2.5.3 frequency division multiplexing, 152

2.5.4 time division multiplexing, 155

2.5.5 code division multiplexing, 155

2.6 the public switched telephone network, 158

2.6.1 structure of the telephone system, 159

2.6.2 the politics of telephones, 162

2.6.3 the local loop: modems, adsl, and fiber, 164

2.6.4 trunks and multiplexing, 172

2.6.5 switching, 181

2.7 the mobile telephone system, 184

2.7.1 first-generation (1g) mobile phones: analog voice, 186

2.7.2 second-generation (2g) mobile phones: digital voice, 190

2.7.3 third-generation (3g) mobile phones: digital voice and data, 194

2.8 cable television, 199

2.8.1 community antenna television, 199

2.8.2 internet over cable, 200

2.8.3 spectrum allocation, 202

2.8.4 cable modems, 203

2.8.5 adsl versus cable, 205

2.9 summary, 206

3 the data link layer 213

3.1 data link layer design issues, 214

3.1.1 services provided to the network layer, 214

3.1.2 framing, 217

3.1.3 error control, 220

3.1.4 flow control, 221

2.4 communication satellites, 136

2.4.1 geostationary satellites, 137

2.4.2 medium-earth orbit satellites, 141

2.4.3 low-earth orbit satellites, 141

2.4.4 satellites versus fiber, 143

2.5 digital modulation and multiplexing, 145

2.5.1 baseband transmission, 145

2.5.2 passband transmission, 150

2.5.3 frequency division multiplexing, 152

2.5.4 time division multiplexing, 155

2.5.5 code division multiplexing, 155

2.6 the public switched telephone network, 158

2.6.1 structure of the telephone system, 159

2.6.2 the politics of telephones, 162

2.6.3 the local loop: modems, adsl, and fiber, 164

2.6.4 trunks and multiplexing, 172

2.6.5 switching, 181

2.7 the mobile telephone system, 184

2.7.1 first-generation (1g) mobile phones: analog voice, 186

2.7.2 second-generation (2g) mobile phones: digital voice, 190

2.7.3 third-generation (3g) mobile phones: digital voice and data, 194

2.8 cable television, 199

2.8.1 community antenna television, 199

2.8.2 internet over cable, 200

2.8.3 spectrum allocation, 202

2.8.4 cable modems, 203

2.8.5 adsl versus cable, 205

2.9 summary, 206

3 the data link layer 213

3.1 data link layer design issues, 214

3.1.1 services provided to the network layer, 214

3.1.2 framing, 217

3.1.3 error control, 220

3.1.4 flow control, 221

14?contents

3.2 error detection and correction, 222

3.2.1 error-correcting codes, 224

3.2.2 error-detecting codes, 229

3.3 elementary data link protocols, 235

3.3.1 a utopian simplex protocol, 240

3.3.2 a simplex stop-and-wait protocol for an error-free channel, 241

3.3.3 a simplex stop-and-wait protocol for a noisy channel, 242

3.4 sliding window protocols, 246

3.4.1 a one-bit sliding window protocol, 249

3.4.2 a protocol using go-back-n, 252

3.4.3 a protocol using selective repeat, 259

3.5 example data link protocols, 264

3.5.1 packet over sonet, 265

3.5.2 adsl (asymmetric digital subscriber loop), 268

3.6 summary, 271

4 the medium access control sublayer 275

4.1 the channel allocation problem, 276

4.1.1 static channel allocation, 276

4.1.2 assumptions for dynamic channel allocation, 278

4.2 multiple access protocols, 279

4.2.1 aloha, 280

4.2.2 carrier sense multiple access protocols, 284

4.2.3 collision-free protocols, 287

4.2.4 limited-contention protocols, 292

4.2.5 wireless lan protocols, 295

4.3 ethernet, 298

4.3.1 classic ethernet physical layer, 299

4.3.2 classic ethernet mac sublayer protocol, 300

4.3.3 ethernet performance, 304

4.3.4 switched ethernet, 306

and correction, 222

codes, 224

codes, 229

data link protocols, 235

simplex protocol, 240

stop-and-wait protocol for an error-free channel, 241

stop-and-wait protocol for a noisy channel, 242

protocols, 246

sliding window protocol, 249

using go-back-n, 252

using selective repeat, 259

link protocols, 264

sonet, 265

digital subscriber loop), 268

control sublayer 275

allocation problem, 276

allocation, 276

for dynamic channel allocation, 278

protocols, 279

280

multiple access protocols, 284

free protocols, 287

protocols, 292

lan protocols, 295

physical layer, 299

mac sublayer protocol, 300

performance, 304

ethernet, 306

3.2 error detection and correction, 222

3.2.1 error-correcting codes, 224

3.2.2 error-detecting codes, 229

3.3 elementary data link protocols, 235

3.3.1 a utopian simplex protocol, 240

3.3.2 a simplex stop-and-wait protocol for an error-free channel, 241

3.3.3 a simplex stop-and-wait protocol for a noisy channel, 242

3.4 sliding window protocols, 246

3.4.1 a one-bit sliding window protocol, 249

3.4.2 a protocol using go-back-n, 252

3.4.3 a protocol using selective repeat, 259

3.5 example data link protocols, 264

3.5.1 packet over sonet, 265

3.5.2 adsl (asymmetric digital subscriber loop), 268

3.6 summary, 271

4 the medium access control sublayer 275

4.1 the channel allocation problem, 276

4.1.1 static channel allocation, 276

4.1.2 assumptions for dynamic channel allocation, 278

4.2 multiple access protocols, 279

4.2.1 aloha, 280

4.2.2 carrier sense multiple access protocols, 284

4.2.3 collision-free protocols, 287

4.2.4 limited-contention protocols, 292

4.2.5 wireless lan protocols, 295

4.3 ethernet, 298

4.3.1 classic ethernet physical layer, 299

4.3.2 classic ethernet mac sublayer protocol, 300

4.3.3 ethernet performance, 304

4.3.4 switched ethernet, 306

contents?15

4.3.5 fast ethernet, 308

4.3.6 gigabit ethernet, 311

4.3.7 10-gigabit ethernet, 314

4.3.8 retrospective on ethernet, 316

4.4 wireless lans, 317

4.4.1 the 802.11 architecture and protocol stack, 317

4.4.2 the 802.11 physical layer, 319

4.4.3 the 802.11 mac sublayer protocol, 321

4.4.4 the 802.11 frame structure, 327

4.4.5 services, 329

4.5 broadband wireless, 330

4.5.1 comparison of 802.16 with 802.11 and 3g, 331

4.5.2 the 802.16 architecture and protocol stack, 332

4.5.3 the 802.16 physical layer, 334

4.5.4 the 802.16 mac sublayer protocol, 335

4.5.5 the 802.16 frame structure, 337

4.6 bluetooth, 338

4.6.1 bluetooth architecture, 338

4.6.2 bluetooth applications, 339

4.6.3 the bluetooth protocol stack, 340

4.6.4 the bluetooth radio layer, 342

4.6.5 the bluetooth link layers, 342

4.6.6 the bluetooth frame structure, 343

4.7 rfid, 345

4.7.1 epc gen 2 architecture, 345

4.7.2 epc gen 2 physical layer, 346

4.7.3 epc gen 2 tag identification layer, 347

4.7.4 tag identification message formats, 349

4.8 data link layer switching, 350

4.8.1 uses of bridges, 350

4.8.2 learning bridges, 352

4.8.3 spanning tree bridges, 355

4.8.4 repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, and gateways, 358

4.8.5 virtual lans, 360

4.9 summary, 367

16?contents

5 the network layer 373

5.1 network layer design issues, 373

5.1.1 store-and-forward packet switching, 374

5.1.2 services provided to the transport layer, 374

5.1.3 implementation of connectionless service, 376

5.1.4 implementation of connection-oriented service, 377

5.1.5 comparison of virtual-circuit and datagram networks, 379

5.2 routing algorithms, 380

5.2.1 the optimality principle, 382

5.2.2 shortest path algorithm, 384

5.2.3 flooding, 386

5.2.4 distance vector routing, 388

5.2.5 link state routing, 391

5.2.6 hierarchical routing, 396

5.2.7 broadcast routing, 398

5.2.8 multicast routing, 400

5.2.9 anycast routing, 403

5.2.10 routing for mobile hosts, 404

5.2.11 routing in ad hoc networks, 407

5.3 congestion control algorithms, 410

5.3.1 approaches to congestion control, 412

5.3.2 traffic-aware routing, 413

5.3.3 admission control, 415

5.3.4 traffic throttling, 416

5.3.5 load shedding, 419

5.4 quality of service, 422

5.4.1 application requirements, 423

5.4.2 traffic shaping, 425

5.4.3 packet scheduling, 429

5.4.4 admission control, 433

5.4.5 integrated services, 436

5.4.6 differentiated services, 439

5.5 internetworking, 442

5.5.1 how networks differ, 443

5.5.2 how networks can be connected, 444

5.5.3 tunneling, 447

contents?17

5.5.4 internetwork routing, 449

5.5.5 packet fragmentation, 450

5.6 the network layer in the internet, 454

5.6.1 the ip version 4 protocol, 457

5.6.2 ip addresses, 460

5.6.3 ip version 6, 473

5.6.4 internet control protocols, 483

5.6.5 label switching and mpls, 488

5.6.6 ospf—an interior gateway routing protocol, 492

5.6.7 bgp—the exterior gateway routing protocol, 497

5.6.8 internet multicasting, 502

5.6.9 mobile ip, 503

5.7 summary, 506

6 the transport layer 513

6.1 the transport service, 513

6.1.1 services provided to the upper layers, 514

6.1.2 transport service primitives, 516

6.1.3 berkeley sockets, 518

6.1.4 an example of socket programming: an internet file server, 521

6.2 elements of transport protocols, 525

6.2.1 addressing, 527

6.2.2 connection establishment, 530

6.2.3 connection release, 535

6.2.4 error control and flow control, 540

6.2.5 multiplexing, 545

6.2.6 crash recovery, 545

6.3 congestion control, 548

6.3.1 desirable bandwidth allocation, 549

6.3.2 regulating the sending rate, 553

6.3.3 wireless issues, 557

6.4 the internet transport protocols: udp, 559

6.4.1 introduction to udp, 559

6.4.2 remote procedure call, 561

6.4.3 real-time transport protocols, 564

5.5.4 internetwork routing, 449

5.5.5 packet fragmentation, 450

5.6 the network layer in the internet, 454

5.6.1 the ip version 4 protocol, 457

5.6.2 ip addresses, 460

5.6.3 ip version 6, 473

5.6.4 internet control protocols, 483

5.6.5 label switching and mpls, 488

5.6.6 ospf—an interior gateway routing protocol, 492

5.6.7 bgp—the exterior gateway routing protocol, 497

5.6.8 internet multicasting, 502

5.6.9 mobile ip, 503

5.7 summary, 506

6 the transport layer 513

6.1 the transport service, 513

6.1.1 services provided to the upper layers, 514

6.1.2 transport service primitives, 516

6.1.3 berkeley sockets, 518

6.1.4 an example of socket programming: an internet file server, 521

6.2 elements of transport protocols, 525

6.2.1 addressing, 527

6.2.2 connection establishment, 530

6.2.3 connection release, 535

6.2.4 error control and flow control, 540

6.2.5 multiplexing, 545

6.2.6 crash recovery, 545

6.3 congestion control, 548

6.3.1 desirable bandwidth allocation, 549

6.3.2 regulating the sending rate, 553

6.3.3 wireless issues, 557

6.4 the internet transport protocols: udp, 559

6.4.1 introduction to udp, 559

6.4.2 remote procedure call, 561

6.4.3 real-time transport protocols, 564

18?contents

6.5 the internet transport protocols: tcp, 570

6.5.1 introduction to tcp, 570

6.5.2 the tcp service model, 571

6.5.3 the tcp protocol, 574

6.5.4 the tcp segment header, 575

6.5.5 tcp connection establishment, 578

6.5.6 tcp connection release, 580

6.5.7 tcp connection management modeling, 580

6.5.8 tcp sliding window, 583

6.5.9 tcp timer management, 586

6.5.10 tcp congestion control, 589

6.5.11 the future of tcp, 599

6.6 performance issues, 600

6.6.1 performance problems in computer networks, 601

6.6.2 network performance measurement, 602

6.6.3 host design for fast networks, 604

6.6.4 fast segment processing, 608

6.6.5 header compression, 611

6.6.6 protocols for long fat networks, 613

6.7 delay-tolerant networking, 617

6.7.1 dtn architecture, 618

6.7.2 the bundle protocol, 621

6.8 summary, 623

7 the application layer 629

7.1 dns—the domain name system, 629

7.1.1 the dns name space, 630

7.1.2 domain resource records, 634

7.1.3 name servers, 637

7.2 electronic mail, 641

7.2.1 architecture and services, 642

7.2.2 the user agent, 644

7.2.3 message formats, 648

7.2.4 message transfer, 655

7.2.5 final delivery, 661

contents?19

7.3 the world wide web, 664

7.3.1 architectural overview, 665

7.3.2 static web pages, 680

7.3.3 dynamic web pages and web applications, 690

7.3.4 http—the hypertext transfer protocol, 701

7.3.5 the mobile web, 711

7.3.6 web search, 713

7.4 streaming audio and video, 715

7.4.1 digital audio, 717

7.4.2 digital video, 722

7.4.3 streaming stored media, 731

7.4.4 streaming live media, 739

7.4.5 real-time conferencing, 742

7.5 content delivery, 752

7.5.1 content and internet traffic, 754

7.5.2 server farms and web proxies, 756

7.5.3 content delivery networks, 761

7.5.4 peer-to-peer networks, 766

7.6 summary, 775

8 network security 781

8.1 cryptography, 784

8.1.1 introduction to cryptography, 785

8.1.2 substitution ciphers, 787

8.1.3 transposition ciphers, 789

8.1.4 one-time pads, 790

8.1.5 two fundamental cryptographic principles, 794

8.2 symmetric-key algorithms, 796

8.2.1 des—the data encryption standard, 798

8.2.2 aes—the advanced encryption standard, 801

8.2.3 cipher modes, 805

8.2.4 other ciphers, 810

8.2.5 cryptanalysis, 810

20?contents

8.3 public-key algorithms, 811

8.3.1 rsa, 812

8.3.2 other public-key algorithms, 814

8.4 digital signatures, 815

8.4.1 symmetric-key signatures, 816

8.4.2 public-key signatures, 817

8.4.3 message digests, 818

8.4.4 the birthday attack, 822

8.5 management of public keys, 824

8.5.1 certificates, 825

8.5.2 x.509, 827

8.5.3 public key infrastructures, 828

8.6 communication security, 831

8.6.1 ipsec, 832

8.6.2 firewalls, 836

8.6.3 virtual private networks, 839

8.6.4 wireless security, 840

8.7 authentication protocols, 845

8.7.1 authentication based on a shared secret key, 846

8.7.2 establishing a shared key: the diffie-hellman key exchange, 851

8.7.3 authentication using a key distribution center, 853

8.7.4 authentication using kerberos, 856

8.7.5 authentication using public-key cryptography, 858

8.8 email security, 859

8.8.1 pgp—pretty good privacy, 860

8.8.2 s/mime, 864

8.9 web security, 864

8.9.1 threats, 865

8.9.2 secure naming, 866

8.9.3 ssl—the secure sockets layer, 871

8.9.4 mobile code security, 875

8.10 social issues, 878

8.10.1 privacy, 878

8.10.2 freedom of speech, 881

8.10.3 copyright, 885

8.11 summary, 887

contents?21

9 reading list and bibliography 895

9.1 suggestions for further reading, 895

9.1.1 introduction and general works, 896

9.1.2 the physical layer, 897

9.1.3 the data link layer, 898

9.1.4 the medium access control sublayer, 898

9.1.5 the network layer, 899

9.1.6 the transport layer, 900

9.1.7 the application layer, 900

9.1.8 network security, 901

9.2 alphabetical bibliography, 902

index 921

编辑推荐

《计算机网络(英文版•第5版)》是经典原版书库之一。

作者简介

本书是全球最具有权威性和经典性的计算机网络教材，我国各大专院校也广泛采用此书作为计算机网络课程的基本教材。作者Tanenbaum 教授以高深的理论造诣和丰富的实践经验，在书中对计算机网络的原理、结构、协议标准与应用等做了深入的分析与研究。

全书按照网络协议模型（物理层、数据链路层、介质访问控制子层、网络层、传输层和应用层），自底向上逐层讲述每一层所用的技术与协议标准，并给出大量实例。全书内容全面详实，体系清晰合理，叙述由简入繁、层层深入，自底向上方法也符合人类从底层到高层的认识规律，因此是公认的最适合网络入门的教材。

随着计算机网络的发展，本版对相关内容进行了大量修订、更新和补充，具体更新内容如下：

•无线网络（802.12和802.16）。

•智能手机使用的3G网络。

•RFID和传感器网络。

•使用CDNs进行内容分发。

•对等网络。

•实时媒体。

•网络电话。

•延迟容忍网络。

图书封面

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