企鹅物理学词典-英文

章节摘录

版权页：   插图：   cold fusion Nuelcar fosion occurring atnormal temperatures.rather than at thehigh temperatures necessary to overcomeelectrostatic repulsive forees between nu-clei There have been two main approacbes to producing fusion at lowtemperatures.One is an electrolyticmethod;it has been suggested that.under certain conditions,electrolysis ofdeuterium oxide using a palladium cathode can produce low-temperature nuclear fusion Deuterium ions hberated atthe cathode are absorbed in the crystallattice of the electrode,where they areforced together,thus overcoming the repulsive electrostatic force. However,claims that high-energy outputs usingthis method have been obtained havenot been reproduced;the necessarv output of neutrons for a genuine fusion reaction has not been detected. The other approach to cold fusion hasbeen to shield one of the deuteriumatoms by binding it with a negativemuon In this technique a muonreplaces an electron in a deuteriumatom Because the muon is 207 timesheavier than the electron,the resultingmuonic atom of deuterium is muchsmaller and is able to approach anotherdeuterium atom more closely.allowingnuclear fusion to occur.The muon isthen released to form another muonicatom,and so on;i.e.the muon acts as acatalyst for the fusion reaction.Oneproblem with this approach is the shortlifetime of the muon,Which restricts thenumber of fusion reactions it can catalyse cold trap A tube,cooled with liquid air,or dry-ice(frozen carbon dioxide)in acetone,that will condense vapour passinginto it. collective excitations Quamized modesin a many-body system that arise whencooperative motion of the system as awhole is considered.This type of excitation arises as a result of the interactions between particles Plasmons andphonons in sohds are examples of collective excitations.Collective excitationsobey Bose-Einstein statistics(see quantum statistics).

内容概要

作者：（英国）瓦莱丽•伊美沃斯（Valerie Lllingworth V.）

书籍目录

CONTENTS

PREFACE

DICTIONARY OF PHYSICS

Table 1: Conversion Factors

Base SI Units

Prefixes used with SI units

Derived SI units with Special Names

Fundamental Constants

Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation

Long-Lived Elementary Particles

Periodic Table of the Elements

Symbols for Physical Quantities

Symbols used in Electronics

Table 11: The Greek Alphabet

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《企鹅物理学词典(英文)》是一本供读者查阅物理学及相关学科专业术语的工具书，释义简洁、精确。

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《企鹅物理学词典(英文)》共收入4500个词目，提供了物理学专业词汇最新的权威性解释。为参照起见，同时收入了相当数量的相关学科，包括物理化学、天文学、医学物理、计算机及工程技术等方面的专业术语。

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