麻州總醫院兒科手冊

书籍目录

【目錄】

協同作者群 　iii

序言 　vi

編者的話 　vii

譯者序 　viii

縮寫 　xv

初級照護與青少年醫學 (PRIMARY CARE AND ADOLESCENT MEDICINE)

Michele S. Duke, Anna Wheeler Rosenquist, Bradley Monash, Paritosh Prasad, and Shannon E. Scott-Vernaglia

母乳哺餵 (Breast-feeding) 1-1

牛奶蛋白過敏 (Cow's milk protein allergy) 1-1

胃食道逆流 (Reflux) 1-1

嬰兒猝死症 (Sudden infant death syndrome) 1-1

頭骨畸形 (Skull deformities) 1-2

新生兒高膽紅素血症 (Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia) 1-3

嬰兒腸絞痛 (Colic) 1-5

正常的生長 (Normal growth) 1-6

生長遲緩，長不大 (Failure to thrive) 1-6

體重過重與肥胖 (Overweight and obesity) 1-7

發展里程碑 (Developmental milestones) 1-8

自閉症系列障礙 (Autism spectrum disorder, ASD) 1-10

預防接種 (Immunizations) 1-11

鉛濃度篩檢和毒性 (Lead screening and toxicity) 1-12

子宮頸抹片 (Pap smears) 1-13

避孕法 (Contraception) 1-14

飲食性疾患 (Eating disorders) 1-14

與青少年建立關係並建立他們的優勢 (Engaging adolescents and building on their strengths) 1-15

急診 (EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT)

Emily F Gregory, Efren Gutierrez, Paritosh Prasad, and Linda T.Wang

常見兒科急症之快速的評估與處理 (Rapid evaluation and management of common pediatric emergencies) 2-1

喘鳴 (Stridor) 2-5

過敏性反應 (Anaphylaxis) 2-6

明顯威脅生命的事件 (Apparent life-threatening event, ALTE) 2-7

嬰兒與兒童不明原因的發燒 (Fever without an identified source in infants and children) 2-8

闌尾炎 (Appendicitis) 2-11

腸套疊 (Intussusception) 2-11

燒傷 (Burns) 2-12

一氧化碳吸入 (Carbon monoxide inhalation) 2-14

創傷概述 (Trauma overview) 2-14

頭部外傷 (Head trauma) 2-15

異物吸入和吞入 (Foreign bodies aspiration and ingestion) 2-17

哭泣的嬰兒 (The crying infant) 2-17

骨科性急症 (Emergent orthopedic issues) 2-18

毒物學 (Toxicology) 2-19

過敏反應和免疫學 (ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY)

Lori Zimmerman, Shira H. Brown, Laura De Girolami, Milo Vassallo, and Elizabeth C.TePas

食物過敏 (Food allergy) 3-1

異位性皮膚炎 (Atopic dermatitis) 3-2

藥物過敏 (Drug allergy) 3-3

蕁麻疹和血管性水腫 (Urticaria and angioedema) 3-3

免疫缺損 (Immune deficiencies) 3-6

Ｂ細胞缺乏症 (體液性) (B-cell deficiency; humoral) 3-6

Ｔ細胞缺乏症 (細胞性免疫) (T-cell deficiencies; cellular immunity) 3-7

複合型免疫缺乏症 (Combined immune deficiencies) 3-8

補體缺乏症 (Complement deficiencies) 3-9

吞噬細胞疾病 (Phagocytic disorders) 3-10

心臟學 (CARDIOLOGY)

Deepak Palakshappa, Paritosh Prasad, and Ana Maria Rosales

心電圖判讀 (EKG interpretation) 4-1

心雜音 (Heart murmurs) 4-2

暈厥 (Syncope) 4-3

胸痛 (Chest pain) 4-4

發紺的兒童 (Cyanotic child) 4-5

先天性心臟病 (Congenital heart disease) 4-7

原發性高血壓 (Essential hypertension) 4-9

兒童心律不整 (Pediatric dysrhythmias) 4-10

心包膜炎和心包膜積水 (Pericarditis and pericardial effusion) 4-12

心肌病 (Cardiomyopathies, CM) 4-13

鬱血性心衰竭 (Congestive heart failure) 4-15

內分泌學 (ENDOCRINOLOGY)

Alison Schwartz, Shana McCormack, Elvira Isganaitis, and Lynne L. Levitsky

糖尿病 (Diabetes mellitus) 5-1

第１型糖尿病 (Diabetes mellitus type 1) 5-1

第２型糖尿病 (Diabetes mellitus type 2) 5-3

糖尿病酮酸中毒 (Diabetic ketoacidosis) 5-4

低血糖 (Hypoglycemia) 5-5

甲狀腺功能檢查 (Thyroid function tests) 5-6

甲狀腺功亢進 (Hyperthyroidism) 5-6

甲狀腺功能低下 (Hypothyroidism) 5-7

腎上腺功能不全 (Adrenal insufficiency, AI) 5-8

腦下垂體功能低下 (Hypopituitarism) 5-9

性器不明 (Ambiguous genitalia) 5-10

性早熟 (Precocious puberty) 5-10

青春期延遲 (Delayed puberty) 5-11

身材矮小 (Short stature) 5-12

無月經症 (Amenorrhea) 5-13

多囊性卵巢症候群 (Polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS) 5-14

輸液與電解質 (FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES)

Paritosh Prasad and Avram Z. Traum

體液與輸液 (Body and parenteral fluids) 6-1

脫水與水分再補充 (Dehydration and rehydration) 6-1

低血鈉 (Hyponatremia) 6-3

高血鈉 (hypernatremia) 6-5

低血鉀 (Hypokalemia) 6-7

高血鉀 (Hyperkalemia) 6-9

低血鈣 (Hypocalcemia) 6-10

高血鈣 (Hypercalcemia) 6-12

低血鎂/高血鎂 (Hypomagnesemia/Hypermagnesemia) 6-14

低血磷/高血磷 (Hypophosphatemia/hyperphosphatemia) 6-15

酸鹼性疾病 (Acid base disorders) 6-16

代謝性酸中毒 (Metabolic acidosis) 6-17

代謝性鹼中毒 (Metabolic alkalosis) 6-19

呼吸性酸中毒和鹼中毒 (Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis) 6-20

腸胃病學 (GASTROENTEROLOGY)

Paritosh Prasad, Bradley Monash, Jess Kaplan, Garrett C. Zella, and Jeffrey A Biller

急性腹痛 (Acute abdominal pain) 7-1

消化性潰瘍 (Peptic ulcer disease) 7-1

嘔吐 (Vomiting) 7-2

胃食道逆流疾病 (Gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD) 7-4

幽門狹窄 (Pyloric stenosis) 7-5

腸胃道出血 (Gastrointestinal bleeding) 7-5

急性腹瀉 (Acute diarrhea) 7-7

慢性腹瀉 (Chronic diarrhea) 7-9

麩質腸病變 (腹腔性疾病) (Celiac disease) 7-10

發炎性腸道疾病 (Inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 7-11

黃疸 (Jaundice) 7-14

肝功能異常 (Abnormal liver function tests) 7-14

肝炎 (Hepatitis) 7-15

膽道疾病 (Biliary tract disease) 7-18

急性胰臟炎 (Acute pancreatitis) 7-19

慢性胰臟炎 (Chronic pancreatitis) 7-20

血液學 (HEMATOLOGY)

Nirali Shah and Eric F. Grabowski

貧血 (Anemia) 8-1

血紅素病變 (Hemoglobinopathies) 8-2

血小板疾病 (Platelet disorders) 8-3

凝血功能 (Coagulation) 8-5

骨髓衰竭 (Bone marrow failure) 8-8

腫瘤學 (ONCOLOGY)

Patrick T. McGann, Kevin R . Schwartz, and Howard J. Weinstein

兒童的淋巴結病變 (Lymphadenopathy in the pediatric patient) 9-1

兒童腫瘤急症 (Pediatric oncologic emergencies) 9-3

兒童的中性球低下症 (Neutropenia in the pediatric patient) 9-4

急性淋巴性白血病 (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia) 9-5

急性骨髓性白血病 (Acute myelogenous leukemia) 9-6

何杰金氏淋巴瘤 (Hodgkin lymphoma) 9-6

非何杰金氏淋巴瘤 (Non-Hodgkin lymphoma) 9-7

輸血 (Transfusions) 9-8

兒童腦瘤 (Pediatric brain tumors) 9-10

神經母細胞瘤 (Neuroblastoma) 9-12

骨肉瘤 (Osteosarcoma) 9-13

感染性疾病 (INFECTIOUS DISEASE)

Phuoc V. Le, Colin McCreight, Anne Griffin, Paritosh Prasad, and Chadi El Saleeby

不明熱 (Fever of unknown origin) 10-1

感染性腦膜炎 (Infectious meningitis) 10-1

眼眶周圍 (隔膜前) 及眼窩蜂窩性組織炎 [Periorbital (preseptal) and orbital cellulitis] 10-3

急性中耳炎 (Acute otitis media) 10-4

淋巴腺炎 (Lymphadenitis) 10-5

萊姆病 (Lyme disease) 10-6

泌尿道感染／腎盂腎炎 (UTI/pyelonephritis) 10-7

蜂窩性組織炎 (Cellulitis) 10-8

化膿性關節炎和骨髓炎 (Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis) 10-9

性傳染病 (Sexually transmitted infections) 10-11

骨盆腔發炎 (Pelvic inflammatory disease) 10-15

結核病 (Tuberculosis) 10-16

人類免疫缺乏病毒 (HIV) 10-17

兒童肺炎 (Pediatric pneumonia) 10-19

遺傳與代謝 (GENETICS & METABOLISM)

Alyssa R. Letourneau, Marsha F. Browning, and Vivian E. Shih

先天性代謝異常 (Inborn errors of metabolism) 11-1

代謝急症 (Emergencies) 11-1

代謝性酸中毒與酮症 (Metabolic acidosis and ketosis) 11-2

低血糖 (Hypoglycemia) 11-2

高血氨症 (Hyperammonemia) 11-3

新生兒篩檢異常 (Abnormal newborn screen) 11-3

半乳糖血症 (Galactosemia) 11-3

苯酮尿症／苯丙氨酸血症 (Phenylketonuria/Phenylalaninemia) 11-4

已知的先天性代謝異常之處理 (Management of known inborn errors of metabolism) 11-4

懷疑代謝疾病兒童死後的檢查 (Post mortem labs) 11-6

三染色體13 (Trisomy 13) 11-6

三染色體18 (Trisomy 18) 11-6

三染色體21 (Trisomy 21) 11-6

透納氏症 (Turner syndrome) 11-7

Ｘ染色體脆折症 (Fragile X) 11-8

柯林菲特氏症 (Klinefelter) 11-8

VACTERL聯合畸形 (VACTERL) 11-9

溶小體儲積症 (Lysosomal storage diseases) 11-9

粒腺體缺陷 (Mitochondrial defects) 11-11

Ehlers-Danlos症候群 (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) 11-11

馬凡氏症 (Marfan disease) 11-12

神經學 (NEUROLOGY)

Casey Olm-Shipman, M. Zelime Ward, and Verne S . Caviness

單純性熱痙攣 (Simple febrile seizure) 12-1

兒童之第一次非發燒性抽搐 (First nonfebrile seizure in children) 12-1

癲癇 (Epilepsy) 12-2

癲癇重積狀態 (Status Epilepticus, SE) 12-4

運動障礙／動作障礙疾病 (Dyskinesia/Movement disorders) 12-5

步態異常／運動失調 (Abnormal gait/Ataxia) 12-5

無力／周邊神經病變 (Weakness/Peripheral neuropathies) 12-6

脫髓鞘疾病 (Demyelinating diseases) 12-9

腦性麻痺 (Cerebral palsy) 12-11

頭痛 (Headache, HA) 12-12

神經皮膚症候群 (Neurocutaneous syndromes) 12-14

肺部 (PULMONARY)

Peter P. Moschovis, Lael M . Yonker, Elizabeth C. Parsons, Benjamin A . Nelson, Efraim Sadot, Christina V. Scirica, Kenan Haver, and Natan Noviski

肺功能檢查 (Pulmonary function tests) 13-1

常見的呼吸道問題 (Common respiratory complaints) 13-3

喉頭軟化症 (Laryngomalacia) 13-3

哮吼 (Croup) 13-4

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停症候群 (Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) 13-5

氣管軟化症 (Tracheomalacia) 13-6

氣喘 (Asthma) 13-6

細支氣管炎 (Bronchiolitis) 13-8

囊性纖維病 (Cystic fibrosis) 13-9

咳血 (Hemoptysis) 13-10

肋膜積液 (Pleural effusions) 13-11

氣胸 (Pneumothorax) 13-12

腎臟 (RENAL)

Shana McCormack, Paritosh Prasad, and Avram Z. Traum

尿液分析 (Urinalysis) 14-1

急性腎衰竭 (Acute renal failure) 14-1

慢性腎衰竭 (Chronic renal failure) 14-3

次發性高血壓 (Secondary hypertension) 14-4

血尿、腎炎症候群 (Hematuria, nephritic syndromes) 14-4

泌尿道結石 (Urinary tract calculi) 14-5

腎病症候群 (Nephrotic syndrome) 14-6

腎小管酸中毒 (Renal tubular acidosis) 14-6

膀胱輸尿管逆流 (Vesicoureteral reflux) 14-7

風濕病學 (RHEUMATOLOGY)

Anne Griffin, Deepak Palakshappa, Catherine Aftandilian, Kavita B. Vyas, Smitha Chillambhi, and Holly Rothermel

幼年型不明原因性關節炎 (Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, JIA) 15-1

反應性關節炎 (Reactive arthritis) 15-2

全身性紅斑性狼瘡 (Systemic lupus erythematosus) 15-3

血管炎 (Vasculitides) 15-5

皮肌炎／多發性肌炎 (Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis) 15-9

新生兒加護病房 (NICU)

Naureen Memon, Miranda Bik-Yin Ip, Phuoc V. Le, and Joseph H. Chou

產房的處理 (Delivery room management) 16-1

新生兒加護病房的基本處理 (Basic NICU management) 16-3

肺部／呼吸 (Pulmonary/Respiratory) 16-6

心血管 (Cardiovascular) 16-8

腸胃病學 (Gastroenterology) 16-9

感染性疾病 (Infectious disease) 16-12

血液學 (Hematology) 16-16

神經學 (Neurology) 16-17

兒童加護病房 (PICU)

Elizabeth C. Parsons, Peter P. Moschovis, and Elliot Melendez

加護病房的一般照顧 (General ICU care) 17-1

危重症患者的預防措施 (Prophylaxis in critical illness) 17-1

疼痛控制和鎮靜 (Pain control and sedation) 17-2

呼吸衰竭 (Respiratory failure) 17-2

呼吸器 (Mechanical ventilation) 17-3

兒童葉克膜／體外維生系統 (Pediatric ECMO/ECLS) 17-4

呼吸器相關的肺炎 (Ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) 17-5

急性呼吸窘迫症候群 (Acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS) 17-5

敗血性休克 (Septic shock) 17-6

強心劑與升壓劑 (Inotropes, chronotropes, and vasopressors) 17-8

腦壓上升 (Increased intracranial pressure) 17-9

加護病房常見流程 (Procedures) 17-10

快速順序插管 (Rapid sequence intubation) 17-10

作者简介

《麻州總醫院小兒科手冊》是提供兒科住院醫師一本攜帶方便、快速查閱及即時參考的手冊。它是由一群優秀的住院、主治醫師與相關學科之指導老師所精心編撰而成。內容由所蒐集的文獻及研究之相關資訊，以條例方式做重點整理，並提供最新之實證作法及診療指引。在各主題之章節提供引用文獻之出處，有興趣的讀者可以針對有疑慮的文章，將其訊息輸入於www.pubmed.gov的搜尋欄中做搜尋，即可獲得所需之核心知識，相信本書是兒科醫師及相關醫療人員必備的隨身手冊。

【序言】

每個醫生在訓練過程中都必須面臨接二連三的挑戰。在提供臨床照護的同時，最要緊的是須增加其知識基礎來增進更好的臨床照護。因此，“在工作中學習”十分需要有隨時可得之最新、準確、以證據為基礎的醫學訊息來支持其經驗學習。

這本手冊是“學員教導學員”的最佳範例。它是由一群優秀的住院醫師、研究醫師與其指導老師，根據相關的學科一起精心編寫而成。它同時也將住院醫師和研究醫師特別需要注意的醫療狀況，根據住院、門診、或器官系統作有條理的安排。它代表了一個不斷進步的資源，且反應了許多實證醫學架構出的兒科標準醫療照護。Prasad醫師和其受訓的研究醫師為科學作了一個不平凡的工作，將兒科醫學編撰成一本非常珍貴的兒科實用手冊。這本手冊將會永遠放在我的上衣口袋裡，而且我會時常拿出來翻閱。

RONALD E. KLEINMAN, MD

麻州總醫院兒童醫院首席醫師

兒科部主席

兒童腸胃和營養部門首席

麻州總醫院

Charles Wilder兒科教授

哈佛醫學院

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