皮肤性病学

章节摘录

版权页：   插图：   3.1 Skin Barrier Function Skin likes a tough impermeable membrane, with elasticity and tension, covering the surface of the body completely. On the one hand, skin can prevent the loss of moisture, electrolytes and other material inside the body;on the other hand, it can prevent the body from being invaded by the outside harmful and unwanted materials. So the skin plays an important role in maintaining a stable environment within the body. 3. 1.1 Protection of Physical Injury The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is directly contiguous with the environment. It is composed of four basic cell types, keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and the Merkel cells. The basic function of keratinocyte is to synthesize keratin, a filamentous protein that serves a protection function. Skin having characteristics of tenacity and elastic,has the role to protect and buffer against the external mechanical extrusion, friction, force and colision. The stratum corneum can reflect sunlight, and epidermal cells can absorb most of ultraviolet. Chronic sun exposure can stimulate the melanocyte to produce larger melanosomes, thereby making the distribution of melanosomes within keratinocytes resemble the pattern seen in dark-skinned individuals. The skin,as a poor conductor of electricity, has certain impedance ability of low current. 3. 1.2 Protection of Chemical Irritation Stratum corneum cell possesses lipid membrane with full, rich keratin in the cytoplasm, and abundant acid glycosamine glycan resistant to weak acid and alkali between cells. Normal skin pH is 5.5-7.0, but in different parts of the skin pH since 4.0 to 9.6. Skin has buffer ability against acid and alkali, which can protect body from the material damage of weak acids and weak bases. 3. 1.3 Defense Mechanism of Microorganism Stratum corneum is a good barrier to defense microorganism. Normally bacteria and virus cannot enter the body through skin. Because some free fatty acid of the skin surface can inhibit the growth of microorganism. When the defense function is destroyed, skin is vulnerable to pathogenic microorganism. 3. 1.4 Preventing Nutrient Loss The unique structure of stratum corneum can prevent dehydration. Generally stratum corneum of water conservation in 10%- 20%, when below 10%, skin could be dry, coarse, or even chapped. 3.2 Skin Absorptive Function The skin has the ability to absorb different materials. The main way is penetrating the stratum corneum, and then being absorbed by dermis through epidermis layers, the second way is penetrating through the hair follicle, the sebaceous gland and sweat gland conduit. The efficiency of the barrier differs between body sites. The scrotum, face, forehead and dorsa of the hands may be more permeable to water than the trunk, arms and legs. Healthy human skin with complete dense stratum corneum and sebum membrane can absorb the substance with chemical property similar to sebum membrane more easily. The material of both hydrosoluble and liposoluble could be absorbed more easily than it of only hydrosoluble or liposoluble. Secondly, skin has a very high permeability to the fat-soluble matter, such as vitamins A, E, D, and has a very low permeability of water-soluble vitamin B and vitamin C.

书籍目录

Chapter 1 Dermatological Introduction Chapter 2 The Skin:Basic Structure 2. 1 Epidermis 2. 2 Dermis 2.3 Subcutaneous Tissue 2.4 Cutaneous Appendages 2.5 The Nerves,Vessels,and Muscles of the Skin Chapter 3 Functions of Skin 3.1 Skin Barrier Function 3.2 Skin Absorptive Function 3.3 Skin Sensory Function 3.4 Skin Secretion and Excretion Function 3.5 Skin Temperature Regulation Function 3.6 Skin Metabolism Function 3.7 Skin Immunological Function Chapter 4 Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Dermatosis and Venereal Diseases 4. 1 Clinical Manifestations of Dermatosis and Venereal Diseases 4.2 Diagnosis of Dermatosis and Venereal Diseases Chapter 5 The Dermatopathology 5.1 Terms of the Disorders in the Epidermis 5.2 Terms of the Disorders in the Dermis 5.3 Other Terms in Dermatopathology Chapter 6 Laboratory Tests 6.1 Laboratory Tests of Fungi 6.2 Laboratory Tests of Allergen 6.3 Laboratory Tests of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 6.4 Laboratory Tests of Sarcoptes Scabie 6.5 Laboratory Tests of Pediculus Pubis Chapter 7 Treatment of Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 7.1 Systemic Treatment 7.2 Topical Treatment 7.3 Physical Treatment 7.4 Surgical Treatment Chapter 8 Skin Care and Cosmetic Dermatology 8. 1 Skin Care 8.2 Cosmetic Dermatology Chapter 9 Viral Skin Diseases 9.1 Herpes Simplex 9.2 Herpes Zoster 9.3 Warts 9.4 Molluscum Contagiosum 9.5 Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease Chapter 10 Bacterial Infectious Diseases 10.1 Impetigo 10.2 Folliculitis and Furunculosis 10.3 Erysipelas 10.4 Tuberculosis of the Skin 10.5 Leprosy Chapter 11 Fungal Diseases of the Skin 11.1 Tinea Capitis 11.2 Tinea Corporis and Tinea Cruris 11.3 Tinea Manuum and Tinea Pedis 11.4 Pityriasis Versicolor 11.5 Onychomycosis 11.6 Candidiasis Chapter 12 Parasitic Worms and Protozoa 12.1 Scabies 12.2 Insect Bite Dermatitis 12.3 Lice Chapter 13 Eczema and Dermatitis 13.1 Contact Dermatitis 13.2 Eczema 13.3 Atopic Dermatitis 13.4 Autosensitization Dermatitis（Autoeczematization） 13.5 Stasis Dermatitis Chapter 14 Drug Eruption Chapter 15 Urticarial Dermatoses 15.1 Urticaria 15.2 Angioedema Chapter 16 Disorders due to Physical Agents 16.1 Photodermatoses 16.2 Estival Dermatitis 16.3 Miliaria 16.4 Perniosis Chapter 17 Pruritus 17.1 Pruritus 17.2 Lichen Simplex Chronicus 17.3 Prurigo Chapter 18 Skin Disorders with Erythema and Scaling 18.1 Erythema Multiforme 18. 2 Psoriasis 18.3 Pityriasis Rosea 18.4 Lichen Planus Chapter 19 Connective Tissue Diseases 19.1 Lupus Erythematosus 19.2 Dermatomyositis 19.3 Scleroderma Chapter 20 Bullous Dermatosis 20.1 Pemphigus 20. 2 Bullous Pemphigoid 20.3 Dermatitis Herpetiformis Chapter 21 Cutaneous Vascular Disorders 21.1 Anaphylaetoid Purpura 21.2 Erythema Nodosum 21.3 Allergic Cutaneous Vasculitis 21.4 Behcet's Disease Chapter 22 Disorders of the Skin Appendages 22.1 Acne Vulgaris 22.2 Seborrheic Dermatitis 22.3 Alopecia Areata 22.4 Androgenetic Alopecia 22.5 Rosacea Chapter 23 Disorders of Pigmentation 23.1 Vitiligo 23.2 Chloasma 23.3 Melanosis Chapter 24 Hereditary Disorders 24.1 Ichthyosis 24.2 Keratosis Pilaris 24.3 Palmoplantar Keratoderma Chapter 25 Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders 25.1 Niacin Deficiency （Pellagra） 25.2 The Cutaneous Porphyrias 25.3 Acanthosis Nigricans 25.4 Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis Chapter 26 Tumors of the Skin 26.1 Benign Tumors of the Skin 26.2 Precancerous Dermatosis 26.3 Malignant Tumors of the Skin Chapter 27 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 27.1 STDs General Introduction 27.2 Syphilis 27.3 Gonorrhea 27.4 Chlamydia Trachomatis Genital Infection 27.5 Condyloma Acuminatum 27.6 Genital Herpes 27.7 AIDS 27.8 Chancroid 27.9 Lymphogranuloma Venereum References

编辑推荐

《医学教育改革系列教材:皮肤性病学》编辑推荐：The objective of this book is to meet the requirements of clinical teaching in Capital Medical University (CMU),and better present the achievements CMU has made in clinical teaching mode,teaching contents and other related disciplines.

作者简介

《医学教育改革系列教材:皮肤性病学》内容简介：This  book is composed of 27 chapters,which cover kinds of diseases and typical clinical pictures.The general introduction summarizes the achievements in dermatology in recent years and current situations in our country.The following chapters introduce etiology, pathogenesis,differential diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.The brief summary and questions in each chapter can help students grasp the gist of the respective chapters.

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