《雅思写作强化标准教程》章节试读

《雅思写作强化标准教程》的笔记-第1页

Everything is nothing but capital in action.
i.图表类作文
a.段落分析
1.introductory sentence开头段：介绍写作目的
eg:The table compares the population growth and interstate migration in each Australian state for 12 months to the end of 1994.
The graph shows the growth of computers in Australia between 1975 and 1995.
The pie chart represents the proportion of gases contained in national gas.
2.body paragraphs 主体段:：选择相关得数据进行描述，必要时进行对比，对于流程图则介绍一个过程得顺序
3.concluding sentence(optional)结尾段：给出结论，流程图还可以提出建议
b.图表类型
1.line graph 线图：
increased/rose/climbed
leapt/shot up/soared/rocketed
slumped/plummeted
dropped/fell/declined
stabilized/leveled off/remained constant
gradually/slowly/minimally/slightly
sharply/rapidly/dramatically
2.bar chart 柱状：
3.pie chart 饼图：
4.table 表格：
5.process diagram：流程图
c.图标题语言点学习
1.描述用词汇
1）topic：computers/migrants
alternatives：computer sales/migrant numbers
measurable quantity：（The） sales of computers/ The number of migrants
2）topic：land/timber/crime
alternatives：land area/timber production/crime level
measurable quantity：The area of land/ production of timber/levels of crime
2.时间表达法
1）Time period: for on month/ for a period of one month/over(during) the next month
3.对比表达法
1）adv:substantially/considerably/a lot/far/much/somewhat/significantly/slightly/fractionally/noticeably/negligibly
2）倍数＋as adj as
4.结论给出法
1）In summary/conclusion
2）To sum/conclude
5.趋势描写法
remain/constant/unchanged/even/level off/stable/steady
plunge/fall/drop/decline/go down/decrease
climb/rise/increase/go up
rapid/gradual/slow/quick
6.其他图表句式
1）illustrate/provide...regarding/show.../depict.../indicate...
2）According to the picture/chart
3）As is shown in the chart
4）Over the period from January to May, the units of electricity remained level.
5）The number of ... remained steady...
6）The data sharply went up to ...
7）The situation reached a peak of....
8）A is ...times as much/many as B.
9）The difference between A and B consisted in...
10）There are a lot of similarities between A and B.
c.例文例句关键词句节选
infant mortality rate
life expectancy
ii.书信写作
a.段落分析
1.The introductory paragraph
1)greet the addressee: Dear Jack, Hi.How are you?
2)tell the addressee who you are:Dear Sir, I am ...
3)thank the addressee:Thank you for....
4)Explain your reason for writing: I am writing to ...; I’d like to inquire about...
2.The body of the letter
1)If your letter is making a request: explain the situation; details of your request
2)If your letter s giving an apology: explain why you must apologize; alternative plan
3)If your letter is making a complaint: explanation problems; say what you think the addressee should do
4)If your letter is giving information: information; offer more information
5)If your letter is making suggestions: making first suggestion; provide an alternative to this suggestion or make a second suggestion.
3.The closing paragraph
1)If your letter is making a request: Thank you for...; I am look forward to your prompt response; Please write soon
2)If your letter is giving an apology: Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.; Please accept my apologies once more.;I hope I didn’t cause you too much trouble; Sorry again!
3)If your letter is making a complain: I expect to hear from you very soon.; Please give this matter your immediate attention.
4)If your letter is giving information: I hope this information will help you.;Please feel free to contact me for more information.; I hope all this helps.; If I can tell you anything else, please call me.
5)If your letter is giving suggestion: I trust these suggestions have been useful.; Please let me know if I can help any further.
b.书信典型语言点学习
1)Apology:
I’m terrible sorry, but ...
I am afraid I ...
I must apologize about (not) doing...
I am awfully sorry for what I have done.
I feel very guilty for what I have done to you.
I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you.
2)Complaint
I must complain about...
I am not satisfied with...
I feel something should be done about...
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with...
There are some problems with the flat that I wish to bring to attention. For one thing, there is ...For another, ...
3)Request
Could you possibly please...?
Would it be possible to ...
I would be grateful if you would ...
Would you mind ...
I wonder if you could ...
I would like to obtain some detailed information about ...
4)Making suggestion
I’d like to suggest that...
May I suggest that...
Perhaps we could ...
5)Thanks
I take this opportunity to express to you my deep appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.
I wish there were a better word than “thanks” to express my appreciation for your generous help.
My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. I wish I could repay it one day.
6)Job application
I have read your advertisement in Shenzhen Daily for a position of a sales engineer.
I wish to apply for the position of ... which you advertised in yesterday’s Shenzhen Daily.
I am very interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining a position as a sales engineer with your company.
7)Study Pursuit
I am deeply interested in your graduate program in the Dept. of ... and plan to apply for admission for the fall of 2009.
I am writing to request admission into the Dept of ... at your University for the spring semester of 2009. It is my long-cherished desire to pursue a study of Computer Science at a university in Canada.
I would greatly appreciate it if you would forward the necessary materials and relevant information at your earliest convenience.
c.例文例句关键词句节选
As is my habit, i made a point of trying it out on the spot.
iii.议论文
a.开头段范例
1.”.....” wrote ..... long ago.
2.What can be done to solve the problem of ...?
3.It is generally agreed that ...
4.When it comes to ..., people all agree that
5.It is commonly (widely) believed .../It is increasingly acknowledged that ...
6.One indisputable fact is that ...
b.主体段
1.The reason for ... may lie in ...
2.The following reasons could account for...
3.A good case in point is ...
4.The most typical example is...
5.History provides us with some examples of ...
c.结论段范例
1.....,.....and .... all signal that we cannot afford to...
2.Taking into account of all the factors, we will come to the conclusion that ...
3.From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that ...
4.All the analyses justifies a sound conclusion that ...
5.The evidence upon all points to ...
d.例证
1.Art is long, life is short.
2.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body
3.Live to learn, not learn to live.
4.There is no royal road to learning.
5.Experience is the father of wisdom and memory to mother.
6.Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.
7.Knowledge advances by steps, not by leaps.
8.Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance.
9.Necessity is the mother of invention.
10.Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
iv.常用词汇例句
Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax.
People become emotionally estranged from their parents.We need to spend more time with our families, no matter how occupied we are.
promote the awareness of the importance of ...
elicit a heated discussion
parenting & schooling （家长对小孩的教育；学校对学生的教育）
awareness & sense & recognition
motivation动力
the press 新闻界
a staggering rate 惊人的速度
information overload信息爆炸
alleviate ＝ ease 减轻，缓解
ban＝forbid = prohibit
scrutinize监督
local residents＝local inhabitants当地居民
mutual understanding互相了解
enrich one’s experience
lesser-known languages小语种
cultural diversity文化多样性
ethnic minorities 少数民族
the pace/tempo of life生活节奏
a double-edged sword双刃剑
domestic violence家庭暴力
gender equality性别平等
personality clashes性格冲突
generation gap代购
violate the law违法
biodiversity生物多样性
consume=deplete消耗（资源）
eco-friendly有益于环保的