IBM BPM实战指南

书籍目录

第1章 理论

1.1 BPM的发展历史 .........................................................................................................................1

1.2 BPM的相关标准介绍 ..................................................................................................................4

1.3 BPM的生命周期 ..........................................................................................................................7

1.3.1 广义生命周期 ..................................................................................................................7

1.3.2 狭义生命周期 ..................................................................................................................8

1.4 BPM的未来趋势 ..........................................................................................................................8

1.4.1 敏捷化 ..............................................................................................................................8

1.4.2 智慧化 ..............................................................................................................................9

1.4.3 社区化 ..............................................................................................................................9

1.4.4 移动化 ............................................................................................................................10

1.4.5 虚拟化 ............................................................................................................................10

1.5 IBM BPM产品架构介绍............................................................................................................10

1.6 BPM和企业业务框架（EA）的关系 .......................................................................................14

1.6.1 纵向 ...............................................................................................................................15

1.6.2 横向 ...............................................................................................................................16

1.6.3 环向 ...............................................................................................................................17

第2章 IBM BPM项目开发方法论

2.1 BPM项目实施和其他项目实施的主要区别 ............................................................................19

2.2 BPM“粗粒度”开发的基本原则 ............................................................................................21

2.3 BPM项目开发的范围和步骤 ....................................................................................................22

2.3.1 一份BPM项目实施的调查报告 ....................................................................................22

2.3.2 明确BPM项目的范围 ....................................................................................................23

2.3.3 BPM项目实施的顺序 ....................................................................................................24

2.4 搭建流程平台的步骤和开发原则.............................................................................................25

2.4.1 人工工作流平台开发的内容 ........................................................................................25

2.4.2 人工工作流程的开发原则 ............................................................................................26

2.4.3 建立流程平台的“流程模板库” ................................................................................28

2.4.4 流程平台的对外接口 ....................................................................................................28

2.4.5 建立统一的人工任务分配策略模块 ............................................................................29

2.4.6 建立统一的人工任务列表 ............................................................................................29

2.5 具体流程的开发步骤和开发原则.............................................................................................30

2.5.1 定义流程的业务数据结构 ............................................................................................31

2.5.2 定义泳道并定义路由逻辑（画流程图） ....................................................................31

2.5.3 流程的路由逻辑 ............................................................................................................31

2.5.4 指定环节的属性并指定环节的执行角色以及任务分配规则 ....................................32

2.5.5 表单和表单逻辑 ............................................................................................................34

2.5.6 给出流程监控的绩效指标 ............................................................................................35

2.5.7 流程回放 ........................................................................................................................35

第3章 流程梳理和设计

3.1 流程梳理方法介绍.....................................................................................................................36

3.1.1 流程体系框架介绍 ........................................................................................................36

3.1.2 流程分级介绍 ................................................................................................................38

3.1.3 流程的定义方法 ............................................................................................................38

3.1.4 流程的合并归类及优化 ................................................................................................40

3.2 BPM流程设计 ............................................................................................................................41

3.2.1 流程的设计 ....................................................................................................................42

3.2.2 如何转换业务需求 ........................................................................................................42

3.2.3 BPMN规范 .....................................................................................................................42

3.2.4 流程流转模式 ................................................................................................................45

3.2.5 任务指派 ........................................................................................................................46

3.2.6 表单 ...............................................................................................................................47

3.2.7 服务接口 ........................................................................................................................49

3.2.8 规则 ...............................................................................................................................51

3.2.9 KPI定义 ..........................................................................................................................51

3.2.10 Process Portal ................................................................................................................52

3.2.11 流程设计基本规范 ......................................................................................................53

第4章 BPM开发基础及进阶

4.1 开发基础....................................................................................................................................55

4.1.1 环境配置 ........................................................................................................................56

4.1.2 一阶段建模 ....................................................................................................................57

4.1.3 二阶段开发 ....................................................................................................................70

4.1.4 部署上线 ........................................................................................................................81

4.2 服务器端JavaScript编程 ............................................................................................................82

4.3 任务分配....................................................................................................................................83

4.4 IBPM中的用户组 .......................................................................................................................83

4.4.1 安全组（Security Group） ............................................................................................83

4.4.2 团队管理者组（Team Manager Group） .....................................................................84

4.4.3 参与者组（Participant Group） ....................................................................................85

4.4.4 团队（Team）................................................................................................................88

4.5 基于参与者组的流程任务分配.................................................................................................91

4.5.1 定义任务分配 ................................................................................................................91

4.5.2 运行时设置和管理任务分配 ........................................................................................93

4.6 基于团队的流程任务分配.........................................................................................................96

4.6.1 定义任务分配 ................................................................................................................96

4.6.2 运行时设置和管理任务分配 ........................................................................................97

4.7 任务分配的一般模式及在IBPM中的实现 ...............................................................................98

4.8 Coach进阶 .................................................................................................................................99

4.8.1 Coach视图 ......................................................................................................................99

4.8.2 如何动态地修改Coach视图的行为 ............................................................................102

4.8.3 如何在Coach视图中调用后台服务 ............................................................................106

4.8.4 常用的Coach使用模式 ................................................................................................110

4.9 理解与运用UCA及其关联消息事件 ......................................................................................122

4.9.1 新建UCA ......................................................................................................................122

4.9.2 创建事件处理流程 ......................................................................................................125

4.9.3 实验：使用“立即运行”触发该UCA并检测事件处理流程能否被正确触发 ......128

4.9.4 创建系统服务以调用该UCA ......................................................................................129

4.10 Portal的客户化定制 ...............................................................................................................132

4.10.1 Process Portal 的功能 .................................................................................................132

4.10.2 设计不一样的Process Portal ......................................................................................132

4.10.3 定制化工具 ................................................................................................................132

4.10.4 Process Portal的定制化 ..............................................................................................133

4.11 使用 IBM BPM REST API 管理业务流程 ............................................................................140

4.11.1 REST介绍 ...................................................................................................................140

4.11.2 基本概念 ....................................................................................................................141

4.11.3 REST API实战篇 ........................................................................................................144

4.11.4 REST API 使用注意事项 ...........................................................................................157

4.11.5 REST API 安全 ...........................................................................................................158

4.12 系统集成——Web Service ....................................................................................................159

4.12.1 Web Service概述 ........................................................................................................159

4.12.2 出站Web Service（Outbound Web Service） ...........................................................160

4.12.3 Web Service集成控件 ................................................................................................162

4.12.4 Call Web Service via SOAP ........................................................................................174

4.12.5 入站Web Service（Inbound Web Service） ..............................................................177

4.12.6 参考资料 ....................................................................................................................180

4.13 可重用资产介绍.....................................................................................................................181

4.13.1 会签、动态加减签 ....................................................................................................181

4.13.2 代理 ............................................................................................................................191

4.13.3 一个通用的Web组件的实现树 .................................................................................195

4.13.4 任务自由跳转 ............................................................................................................205

4.14 流程开发中的错误处理.........................................................................................................206

4.14.1 BPD中的异常处理 .....................................................................................................206

4.14.2 服务中的异常处理 ....................................................................................................208

4.15 BPM开发、运维的注意事项及最佳实践 ............................................................................209

4.15.1 应用开发中的注意事项 ............................................................................................209

4.15.2 运行时性能调优 ........................................................................................................212

4.16 业务运维的注意事项.............................................................................................................215

4.16.1 通过流程管理控制台（Process Admin Console）监控 ..........................................215

4.16.2 通过流程监视器（Process Inspector）搜索流程实例 ............................................217

4.16.3 通过流程监视器对失败的流程实例中的错误和故障进行故障诊断 ....................217

4.16.4 在流程服务器（Process Server）上部署新版本快照时参与者组的映射关系 .....218

4.16.5 迁移现行数据 ............................................................................................................218

4.16.6 定期清除（Housekeeping） .....................................................................................218

4.16.7 管理员干预 ................................................................................................................219

4.17 Runtime Monitoring——IT运维注意事项 ............................................................................220

4.17.1 如何保证系统的健壮性 ............................................................................................220

4.17.2 环境备份 ....................................................................................................................221

4.17.3 更新 Process Portal 任务索引 ....................................................................................221

4.18 BPM产品的迁移与升级 ........................................................................................................221

4.18.1 概述 ............................................................................................................................221

4.18.2 运行时迁移 ................................................................................................................222

4.18.3 应用程序迁移 ............................................................................................................224

4.18.4 Artifacts迁移 ...............................................................................................................226

4.18.5 迁移路线图 ................................................................................................................227

4.19 BPM的高可用性 ....................................................................................................................228

4.19.1 高可用性的概念 ........................................................................................................228

4.19.2 高可用性的原理 ........................................................................................................229

4.19.3 BPM高可用性架构 ....................................................................................................231

第5章 BPM的管控方法论

5.1 BPM能力模型 ..........................................................................................................................233

5.2 开启业务流程管理之路...........................................................................................................234

5.2.1 企业业务流程管理之路 ..............................................................................................235

5.2.2 企业采用BPM所遇到的各种问题 ..............................................................................236

5.2.3 企业价值链分析 ..........................................................................................................238

5.2.4 成功实施第一个业务流程项目 ..................................................................................241

5.2.5 实现从单个BPM项目到BPM流程平台的转变 .........................................................243

5.3 建立企业级流程管控（Governance）机制 ...........................................................................243

5.3.1 业务流程管控的基本框架 ..........................................................................................244

5.3.2 业务流程管控机制的几个重要方面 ..........................................................................245

5.3.3 BPM管控机制的操作模型 ..........................................................................................246

5.4 建立BPM卓越中心 ..................................................................................................................248

5.4.1 为什么需要BPM卓越中心 ..........................................................................................248

5.4.2 BPM卓越中心的三个关键领域 ..................................................................................248

5.4.3 战略 ..............................................................................................................................248

5.4.4 交付（Delivery） ........................................................................................................252

5.4.5 共享平台 ......................................................................................................................257

附录 成功实施BPM项目的十一个习惯

从流程改善开始的可靠步骤............................................................................................................260

导言...................................................................................................................................................260

成功项目/交付 .................................................................................................................................261

提高BPM团队的竞争力 ...................................................................................................................265

在整个企业内利用 BPM ..................................................................................................................267

那么下一步是什么？........................................................................................................................271

重述BPM计划取得圆满成功的十一种习惯 ...................................................................................272

为什么选择 IBM 的 BPM？.............................................................................................................273

作者简介

本书从BPM用户的实际需求出发，由浅入深、循序渐进地对BPM进行整体认识和深入理解。

本书共分5章。第1章为BPM的理论篇，介绍BPM的发展历史、相关标准、生命周期和未来趋势，读者还可以从中了解IBM BPM的产品架构以及BPM和企业业务框架的关系；第2、3章以BPM项目开发的方法论为出发点，详细介绍如何使用BPM搭建流程平台、流程开发的具体步骤和开发原则，以及流程的梳理和设计；第4章是本书的核心，读者可从零起步，学会如何进行使用IBM BPM进行环境配置、流程的建模及开发，并学习掌握BPM开发的进阶技巧，如Coach进阶、UCA及关联事件、Portal的客户化定制、REST API、开发运维注意事项、产品迁移，以及BPM的高可用性；第5章详细介绍BPM的管控方法论，针对企业采用BPM所遇到的各种问题，详细介绍了如何建立企业级的流程管控和BPM卓越中心。本书是IBM BPM中国团队多位技术专家的经验汇集和实战总结，希望对读者有所裨益，并成为企业的智慧流程及管理之路的助力。

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