剑桥学生英语语法
当前位置:首页 > 外语学习 > 英语专项训练 > 剑桥学生英语语法
出版社:外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社
出版日期:2008-10
ISBN:9787560078342
作者:Rodney Huddleston,Geoffrey K. Pullum
页数:312页
前言
This book is an inuoductory textbook on modem Standard English grammar，intended mainly for undergraduates，in English departments and schools of educa-tion as well as linguistics departments．
内容概要
罗德尼·赫德尔斯顿，语言学教授，主要执教于澳大利亚昆士兰大学，澳大利亚人文学院院士。 杰弗里·K. 普尔曼，美国加利福尼亚大学圣克鲁斯分校语言学教授，人文学科杰出教授，美国艺术与科学院院士。
书籍目录
Notational conventionsPreface1 Introduction2 A rapid overview3 Verbs, tense, complements, and adjuncts4 Clause structure, complements, and adjuncts5 Nouns and noun phrases6 Adjectives and adverbs7 Prepositions and preposition phrases8 Negation and related phenomena9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing10 Subordination and content clauses11 Relative clauses12 Grade and comparison13 Non-finite clauses and clauses without verbs14 Coordination and more15 Information packaging in the clause16 Morphology: words and lexemesFurther readingGlossaryIndex
编辑推荐
《剑桥学生英语语法》集荣获2004年度美国语言学会布龙菲尔德图书奖(Leonard Bloomfield Book Award of the Linguistic Society of America)的《剑桥英语语法》(The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language) (2002) 之精华，在语言学理论的基础上对语法范畴和语法规则作了科学、系统、严谨的分析及阐释，质疑和批判了许多传统语法观，提出了一些新观念。适用英语教师，英语专业研究生及本科生阅读。
作者简介
《剑桥学生英语语法》语言通俗易懂，分析深入浅出，且各章均附习题；提供网络支持；在语言学理论的基础上对语法作了全面而科学的解读；质疑和批判了某些传统语法观念；可提高学生的语言技能，为深入学习语言学知识打下坚定基础。
图书封面
发布书评
精彩书评 (总计1条)
-
语法小记一、1. English language: 1) Standard English: ①formal style；②informal style2) Non-standard English2. Approches to grammar: 1）descriptive approches2）prescriptive approches、3. Syntax, morphology have to do with the grammatical form of sentence, while semantics not.4. Two kinds of sentence: 1) clausal sentences——having the form of a clause2）compound sentences——having the form of a coordination of clauses5. clause: subject+predicate phrase: 1)noun phrase 2)verb phraseLexeme 词位6. The parts of speech: 1) noun (including pronouns)2) verb3) adjective function: ①attributive ②predicative4)determinatives5)adverb function: as modifiers of verbs, adjectives, adverbs6)propositions7)coordinator 并列词8)subordinators 主从词 7）+ 8） =conjunction7. canonical clause: 1)positive 肯定句 2) declarative 陈述句 3) main clause 主句 4) non-coodinate8. words: 1)bases2)affixes: prefixes+suffixes二、1. verb paradigm: 1)primary forms(有时式): ①preterite: past tense 过去时(have tense inflection) ②3rd singular present③plain present2)secondary forms(无时式): ①plain form 素形，原形(no tense inflecyion) ②gerund-participle 动名词③past participle 过去分词2. verb formplain form: 1)imperative; 2)subjunctive; 3) infinitival: to-infinitivals;bare infinitivals 不定式3. Finite clause: 1)primary forms2)imperative3)subjunctive 2) and 3) are plain formNon-finite clause: 1)infinitival不定式2)gerund-participle3)past participle：-ed participle；-ing participle三、1.tense时，aspect 态，mood 语气，voice式2.verb：1）auxiliary verb：①modal：can，may，must，will②non-modal：be，have，do，dare，need3.primary tense：1）preterite：①past time ②modal remoteness：the modal preterite,the cases not presented factual associated with modality,not time ③backshift:in indirect reported speech4.aspect态:1)perfective完成态 2）imperfective 非完成态，即progressiveAn aspect：its main use is to indicate how the speakers views the situation described in the clause with respect not to its location in time but to its temperal structure or properties.5.perfect:1)present perfect 2)preterite perfect:①past time②modal remoteness③backshift6.use of the modal auxiliaries: 1)espistamic认知 2）denotic 义务 3）dynamic 动力四、1.one clause can have clause structure:1)subject 2)predicate:①predicator ②object:O(d),O(i) ③complement ④adjunct 附语2.1）predicator：has to be licensed by the particular head verb2）Complement: （补语：谓语所要求的语句成分）a kind of dependent that must be licensed by the head3）Adjunct：附语：可选的语句3. The four properties of subject：1)basic position before the verb2)case: in nominative case3)verb agreement4)subject-auxiliary inversion4. Diret and indirect objects: O(d), O(i)When they co-occur in canonical clauses，the O（i）precedes O（d）.Sue gave Max the photo. Single underline：O（i）；doubled—underline：O（d）Sue gave the photo to Max. Single underline：O（d）；doubled—underline：O（i）5. The syntactic differences between PC and Objects: 1)PC can have the form of Adjp while O can’t. 2)PC can have the form of a bare role NP. 3)PC does not coresspond to the subject of a passive clause.6. Five canonical clause structure:1)S-P2)S-P-PC3)S-P-O(d)4)S-P-O(d)-PC5)S-P-O(i)-O(d) 五、1.Three main types of dependent in the structure of NP:1) determiners: 限定词①definitive ②indefinite2) complements3) modifiers2. Subclasses of noun:1) prnouns:distinguish from other two by its inability to take determiners as dependent2) proper nouns3) common nouns3. determinative phrase: a determinative with dependents function as the head of a phrase.Definite article: the——indicate that the head of the NP is considered sufficient in the context to identify the referent. indefinite article: a4. Pronouns: 1)personal 2)reciprocal 3)interrogative 疑问代词4)relative 关系代词Two uses of pronouns: 1) deictic 指示 2)anaphoric 回指 3）antecedent5. Choice of a singular human pronoun without sex specification: they, in a secondary use that is interpreted semantically as singular.1)Everyone’s here,aren’t they?2)We need a manager who is reasonably flexible in their approch.6.Personal noun:1)non-reflexive case form:①Nominative 主格;Accusative 宾格 ②Genitive 所有格：dependent and independent2）reflexiveCase 格7． NP：1）determiner：determinative2）head：nominal ①head：noun ②modifier六、1.Distinctive properties of prototypical adjectives：1）function：attributive；predicative； 2）grade：plain，comparative and superlative 3）modification、2.1）gradable adjectives：have comparative and superlative forms and take degree modifiers2）non-gradable3.The structure of adjective phrases：1）head2）dependents：complements or modifiers七、1. The traditional class of prepositions前置词：1）they take NPs as complement（not essential）2）no inflection3）meaning：relations in space or time4）function：head of wide range of dependent2.Function：dependent of 1）noun；2）verb；3）be3.She went aboard.He sat outside. Propostion,not adverb.八、Negation：1）subclausal negation：use prefixes2）clause negation：vebal negation；non-verbal nagation九、1. Main clause type characteristic speech act1）declarative making a statement2）close interrogative asking a close question3）open interrogative asking an open question4）exclamative making an exclamatory statement5）imperative issuing a directive2. Interrogative：1）closed interrogative：polar questions；alternative questions2）open interrogative3. Exclamative what and howExclamative what has the syntax of an adjective，eg. What a car that was？Exclamative how is invariably an adverb，eg. How they deceived us？十、1. Three major subclasses of finite subordinate clause：1）relative clause定语从句2）comparative clause3）content clause名词性从句2.Content clause：1）declarative content clause2）interrogative content clause3）exclamative content clauseTraditionally，名词性从句包括：主语从句，同位语从句，宾语从句，形容词从句。3. Relative clause：a special kind of subordinate clause whose primary function is as a modifier to a noun or a nominal.Relative clause：1）wh relatives：who，whose，which，when，where，why2）non-wh relatives：that relative and bare relativeThe relationship between relative pronouns and antecedents is anaphora.4. 1）Integrated relatives整合性关系从句：not marked off by commas2）supplement relative 增补性关系从句The differences between them：① intonation and punctuation——phonological facts② interpretation——semantic facts③ syntaxTraditionally, 1）restrictive relatives 限定性关系从句2）non-restrictive relatives 非限定性关系从句十一、1.Grade：1）plain forms； 2）comparative forms； 3）superlative formsComparison：comparison between a primary term and a secondary term2. more/less as a 1）determinative——inflectional form of many/little2）adverb3. comparative clause（usually finite）：a kind of subordinate clause functioning as complement to that，as or like and expressing one of the two terms in a comparison.4. Differences from two other subordinate clause：comparative clause is obligatorily reduced in certain ways relative to the structure of main clauses.十二、1. Four kinds of non-finite clause（非定式语句）：1）gerund-participial2) past participial3) to- infinitival to4) bare infinitival 光杆不定式 3）and 4） are infinitival clauses 不定语句2. Non-finite clauses contains a predicate that has the form of a VP headed by a secondary form of the verb. They do not have primary tense.3. Subjectless non-finites: most of the non-finite clauses have no understood suject.Subjectless non-finites:1) syntactic determination——given a understood subject2) no syntactic determination——not given a understood subject3. Non-finite clauses functioning as adjunct: dangling modifiers/participles十三、1. Coordination is a non-headed constructionCoordinators: and, or, but.2. Distinctive syntactic properties of coordinators:1) unlimited number of coordinator2) coordinates must be syntactically similarA coordination of X and Y is admissible at a given place in sentence structure if and only if each of X and Y is individually admissible at that place with the same function.3) impossibility of preposing an expanded coodinate.十四、1．Information-packaging constructions:1) passive construction2) extraposition construction3) existential construction2. Passive clauseThe system of voice:1) active voice——the default in the voice system2) pasive voiceIn English there is a broad perference for packaging information so that subject reprensent old information.Informal style:1)be-passive;2)get-passive;3)bare-passive3. extraposition外置：a clause construction which prototypically has dummy it as subject and a postbverbal subordinate clause.1)subject extraposition 主语外置2）internal complement extraposition 内部补语外置（宾语外置）It disturbs her that he was acquitted.形式主语I find it disappointing that he gave up.形式宾语4. existential clauses:1)bare existentialsdummy there 2)extended existentials：contain an additional element5. the it-cleft construction It分裂构造强调句十五、1. Morphology 形位学 1) inflectional morphology—ties in mainly with syntax2) lexical morphology —mainly revelent to the content of the dictionary2. inflectional morphologymorphological operations:1)suffixation take—takes2)modification take—took3. consontant doublingThe final consontant letter of the base is doubled if1）doubling occurs before suffixes beginning with a vowel—stopped，stopping，fatter2）base ends in single consontant3）consontant letter follows single-letter vowel symbol4）stress on final syllable
精彩短评 (总计10条)
-
其实看完和没看差不多。 -
终于看完鸟... -
语法小记
一、
1. English language: 1) Standard English: ①formal style；②informal style
2) Non-standard English
2. Approches to grammar: 1）descriptive approches
2）prescriptive approches、
3. Syntax, morphology have to do with the grammatical form of sentence, while semantics not.
4. Two kinds of sentence: 1) clausal sentences——having the form of a clause
2）compound sentences——having the form of a coordination of clauses
5. clause: subject+predicate phrase: 1)noun phrase 2)verb phrase
Lexeme 词位
6. The parts of speech: 1) noun (including pronouns)
2) verb
3) adjective function: ①attributive ②predicative
4)determinatives
5)adverb function: as modifiers of verbs, adjectives, adverbs
6)propositions
7)coordinator 并列词
8)subordinators 主从词 7）+ 8） =conjunction
7. canonical clause: 1)positive 肯定句 2) declarative 陈述句 3) main clause 主句 4) non-coodinate
8. words: 1)bases
2)affixes: prefixes+suffixes
二、
1. verb paradigm: 1)primary forms(有时式): ①preterite: past tense 过去时
(have tense inflection) ②3rd singular present
③plain present
2)secondary forms(无时式): ①plain form 素形，原形
(no tense inflecyion) ②gerund-participle 动名词
③past participle 过去分词
2. verb form
plain form: 1)imperative; 2)subjunctive; 3) infinitival: to-infinitivals;bare infinitivals 不定式
3. Finite clause: 1)primary forms
2)imperative
3)subjunctive 2) and 3) are plain form
Non-finite clause: 1)infinitival不定式
2)gerund-participle
3)past participle：-ed participle；-ing participle
三、
1.tense时，aspect 态，mood 语气，voice式
2.verb：1）auxiliary verb：①modal：can，may，must，will
②non-modal：be，have，do，dare，need
3.primary tense：1）preterite：①past time ②modal remoteness：the modal preterite,the cases not presented factual associated with modality,not time ③backshift:in indirect reported speech
4.aspect态:1)perfective完成态 2）imperfective 非完成态，即progressive
An aspect：its main use is to indicate how the speakers views the situation described in the clause with respect not to its location in time but to its temperal structure or properties.
5.perfect:1)present perfect 2)preterite perfect:①past time
②modal remoteness
③backshift
6.use of the modal auxiliaries: 1)espistamic认知 2）denotic 义务 3）dynamic 动力
四、
1.one clause can have clause structure:1)subject 2)predicate:①predicator ②object:O(d),O(i) ③complement ④adjunct 附语
2.1）predicator：has to be licensed by the particular head verb
2）Complement: （补语：谓语所要求的语句成分）a kind of dependent that must be licensed by the head
3）Adjunct：附语：可选的语句
3. The four properties of subject：1)basic position before the verb
2)case: in nominative case
3)verb agreement
4)subject-auxiliary inversion
4. Diret and indirect objects: O(d), O(i)
When they co-occur in canonical clauses，the O（i）precedes O（d）.
Sue gave Max the photo. Single underline：O（i）；doubled—underline：O（d）
Sue gave the photo to Max. Single underline：O（d）；doubled—underline：O（i）
5. The syntactic differences between PC and Objects: 1)PC can have the form of Adjp while O can’t. 2)PC can have the form of a bare role NP. 3)PC does not coresspond to the subject of a passive clause.
6. Five canonical clause structure:1)S-P
2)S-P-PC
3)S-P-O(d)
4)S-P-O(d)-PC
5)S-P-O(i)-O(d)
五、
1.Three main types of dependent in the structure of NP:1) determiners: 限定词①definitive ②indefinite
2) complements
3) modifiers
2. Subclasses of noun:1) prnouns:distinguish from other two by its inability to take determiners as dependent
2) proper nouns
3) common nouns
3. determinative phrase: a determinative with dependents function as the head of a phrase.
Definite article: the——indicate that the head of the NP is considered sufficient in the context to identify the referent.
indefinite article: a
4. Pronouns: 1)personal 2)reciprocal 3)interrogative 疑问代词4)relative 关系代词
Two uses of pronouns: 1) deictic 指示 2)anaphoric 回指 3）antecedent
5. Choice of a singular human pronoun without sex specification: they, in a secondary use that is interpreted semantically as singular.
1)Everyone’s here,aren’t they?
2)We need a manager who is reasonably flexible in their approch.
6.Personal noun:1)non-reflexive case form:①Nominative 主格;Accusative 宾格 ②Genitive 所有格：dependent and independent
2）reflexive
Case 格
7． NP：1）determiner：determinative
2）head：nominal ①head：noun ②modifier
六、
1.Distinctive properties of prototypical adjectives：1）function：attributive；predicative； 2）grade：plain，comparative and superlative 3）modification、
2.1）gradable adjectives：have comparative and superlative forms and take degree modifiers
2）non-gradable
3.The structure of adjective phrases：1）head
2）dependents：complements or modifiers
七、
1. The traditional class of prepositions前置词：1）they take NPs as complement
（not essential）
2）no inflection
3）meaning：relations in space or time
4）function：head of wide range of dependent
2.Function：dependent of 1）noun；2）verb；3）be
3.She went aboard.
He sat outside. Propostion,not adverb.
八、
Negation：1）subclausal negation：use prefixes
2）clause negation：vebal negation；non-verbal nagation
九、
1. Main clause type characteristic speech act
1）declarative making a statement
2）close interrogative asking a close question
3）open interrogative asking an open question
4）exclamative making an exclamatory statement
5）imperative issuing a directive
2. Interrogative：1）closed interrogative：polar questions；alternative questions
2）open interrogative
3. Exclamative what and how
Exclamative what has the syntax of an adjective，eg. What a car that was？
Exclamative how is invariably an adverb，eg. How they deceived us？
十、
1. Three major subclasses of finite subordinate clause：1）relative clause定语从句
2）comparative clause
3）content clause名词性从句
2.Content clause：1）declarative content clause
2）interrogative content clause
3）exclamative content clause
Traditionally，名词性从句包括：主语从句，同位语从句，宾语从句，形容词从句。
3. Relative clause：a special kind of subordinate clause whose primary function is
as a modifier to a noun or a nominal.
Relative clause：1）wh relatives：who，whose，which，when，where，why
2）non-wh relatives：that relative and bare relative
The relationship between relative pronouns and antecedents is anaphora.
4. 1）Integrated relatives整合性关系从句：not marked off by commas
2）supplement relative 增补性关系从句
The differences between them：① intonation and punctuation——phonological facts
② interpretation——semantic facts
③ syntax
Traditionally, 1）restrictive relatives 限定性关系从句
2）non-restrictive relatives 非限定性关系从句
十一、
1.Grade：1）plain forms； 2）comparative forms； 3）superlative forms
Comparison：comparison between a primary term and a secondary term
2. more/less as a 1）determinative——inflectional form of many/little
2）adverb
3. comparative clause（usually finite）：a kind of subordinate clause functioning as complement to that，as or like and expressing one of the two terms in
a comparison.
4. Differences from two other subordinate clause：comparative clause is obligatorily reduced in certain ways relative to the structure of main clauses.
十二、
1. Four kinds of non-finite clause（非定式语句）：1）gerund-participial
2) past participial
3) to- infinitival to
4) bare infinitival 光杆不定式 3）and 4） are infinitival clauses 不定语句
2. Non-finite clauses contains a predicate that has the form of a VP headed by a secondary form of the verb. They do not have primary tense.
3. Subjectless non-finites: most of the non-finite clauses have no understood suject.
Subjectless non-finites:1) syntactic determination——given a understood subject
2) no syntactic determination——not given a understood subject
3. Non-finite clauses functioning as adjunct: dangling modifiers/participles
十三、
1. Coordination is a non-headed construction
Coordinators: and, or, but.
2. Distinctive syntactic properties of coordinators:
1) unlimited number of coordinator
2) coordinates must be syntactically similar
A coordination of X and Y is admissible at a given place in sentence structure if and only if each of X and Y is individually admissible at that place with the same function.
3) impossibility of preposing an expanded coodinate.
十四、
1．Information-packaging constructions:1) passive construction
2) extraposition construction
3) existential construction
2. Passive clause
The system of voice:1) active voice——the default in the voice system
2) pasive voice
In English there is a broad perference for packaging information so that subject reprensent old information.
Informal style:1)be-passive;2)get-passive;3)bare-passive
3. extraposition外置：a clause construction which prototypically has dummy it as subject and a postbverbal subordinate clause.
1)subject extraposition 主语外置
2）internal complement extraposition 内部补语外置（宾语外置）
It disturbs her that he was acquitted.形式主语
I find it disappointing that he gave up.形式宾语
4. existential clauses:1)bare existentials
dummy there 2)extended existentials：contain an additional element
5. the it-cleft construction It分裂构造强调句
十五、
1. Morphology 形位学 1) inflectional morphology—ties in mainly with syntax
2) lexical morphology —mainly revelent to the content of the dictionary
2. inflectional morphology
morphological operations:1)suffixation take—takes
2)modification take—took
3. consontant doubling
The final consontant letter of the base is doubled if
1）doubling occurs before suffixes beginning with a vowel—stopped，stopping，fatter
2）base ends in single consontant
3）consontant letter follows single-letter vowel symbol
4）stress on final syllable
-
wa -
descriptive grammar -
此人一向"不分儿"什么the elements of style，还有奥威尔那篇。草草翻过，时态部分很混乱，information packaging挺有趣，不过有些繁复。等读完句法结构再回头琢磨吧 -
有些深度！ -
这本书只出了一版？没有再版？各大网店也找不到！ -
解释得很详细。看完实用语法再看这本，能更清楚得理解语法点。书薄不吓人。 -
Huddleston et al.'s SIEG (2005) < CGEL (2002). Don't try to learn English from this book.