空主语文的心理语言学研究

章节摘录

　　The reaction times were faster in conditions （17） and （19） than conditions （18） and （20）.　In the recent filler unambiguous sentence （17） ， the verb start， a subject control verb， indicates that its subject the little child is the controller of PRO. 　　Notice that among the two fillers， the woman. and the little child， the latter is closer to thg empty subject PRO. Hence， the more recent filler is the actual filler. In the distant filler unambiguous sentence （ 18） ，　the verb force，　an object control verb，　as-signs its object the woman， as the controller of PRO.　Here， the correct filler is further away from the other filler.　Frazier et a/.　（1983） hypothesize that recency is a factor in identifying the antecedent， so that the recent filler is preferred over the distant one. It follows from their predictions that the sentences in which the recent filler is also the actual filler will produce faster reaction times in a " got it"　comprehension task. This effect is explained by the MRFS， which is stated as follows：（21）　Most Recent Filler Strategy （Frazier et al.　1983：　196） ：During language comprehension a detected gap is initially and quickly taken to be co-indexed with the most recent potential filler.　　When unambiguous sentences were processed， control information on the verb cannot be fixed just like ambiguous sentences， since both ambiguous and unambigu-ous sentences yield the same result.　It is claimed that MRFS applies when verb con-trol information is absent.　In such cases， recency strategy assigns the nearest poten-tial filler to PRO.　This initial choice by the parser is subsequently checked against the control information.　It is this error-correcting procedure that causes the longer rocessing time in the distant filler sentences.　Furthermore， if trace is a possible fill-er， there should be no difference in the reaction time between conditions （17） and （18）， because trace is the nearest filler for PRO in （18）. Hence， Frazier et al.　　（ 1983）　assume that the parser does not recognize trace as a possible filler for PRO.In other words， the parser does not recognize a gap as filler for another gap.　　……

书籍目录

Introduction　　　　　Chapter 1: Previous Studies 1.1 Theoretical issues of empty subject sentences 1.1.1 Empty subject sentence in English 1.1.2 Empty subject sentence in Japanese 1.1.3 Empty subject sentence in Chinese 1.1.4 Summary1.2 Processing of empty subject sentences 1.2.1 English empty subject sentence processing 1.2.2 Japanese empty subject sentence processing 1.2.3 Chinese empty subject sentence processing 1.3 ConclusionChapter 2: Processing empty subject sentences among Chinese children 2.1 Language Acquisition 2.1.1 Skinner' s (1957) view 2.1.2 Chomsky's (1959) view 2.1.3 Piaget's (1970) view 2.1.4 Chomsky's (1976) view 2.1.5 Summary 2.2 Experiments 2.2.1 Off -line Experiment 2.2.2 On -line Experiment 2.2.3 General discussion from SOV and OSV orders 2.3 Concluding remarks Chapter 3: Processing empty subject sentences among Japanese children 3.1 Experiment 3.1.1 Experimental Design 3.1.2 Apparatus and Procedure 3.1.3 SOV word order 3.1.4　OSV word order　3.1.5 General discussion from SOV and OSV orders 3.2 Concluding remarks Chapter 4: Processing empty subject sentences among Ll English / 12 hineseleamers　4.1 Research and Theoretical issues in Second Language(12) Acquisition 4.2 Experiment4.2.1 Experimental Design 4.2.2 Apparatus and Procedure 4.2.3 SOV word order 4.2.4 OSV word order 4.2.5 General discussion from SOV and OSV orders 4.3 Concluding remarks　　Chapter 5: Processing empty subject sentences among Ll English 12 Japaneselearners　　　　　　　5.1 Experiment 5.1.1 ExperimentalDesign 5.1.2 Apparatus and Procedure 5.1.3 SOV word order 5.1.4 OSV word order 5.1.5 General discussion from SOV and OSV orders 5.2 Concluding remarks Chapter 6: Conclusion Appendices　　　　　Appendix A: Dui - construction in Chinese Appendix B: Verb Acquisition ( Ch 2) Appendix C: Chinese Sentences for Experiment ( Ch 2）Appendix D: Japanese Sentences for Experiment（Ch 3） Appendix E: Chinese Sentences for Experiment ( Ch4) References

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