十九世纪欧洲语言学史

章节摘录

　　In the Introduction we have seen how the opportunities of surveying a greater and greater linguistic territory increased fromone period to the next, until, in recent times, after the resumptionof the study of Greek, the linguistic horizon of the ancients wascombined with that of the Middle Ages in one great survey. Thissurvey produced in itself the need for method, the need for aprinciple of rational classification of this vast material. In spite of its very different appearance, the linguistic science ofthe nineteenth century carries on logically from the earlierdeve opment: the butterfly bursts forth from its cocoon as the resultof the growth it has experienced within its winter shelter. The nineteenth century created the method which the previousdevelopment called for, and still further increased the materialavailable for study. This new material was not the least importantfactor in revolutionizing the whole conception of language. Theknowledge of the language.~ of ancient India was a genuinerevelation, not only because of its great age and transparentmorphology, which unexpectedly cast new light upon the relatedEuropean languages, but also because European scholars herebecame acquainted with a highly developed linguistic science whichhad other points of departure and another evolution than thelinguistic science of the Greeks. Moreover, it was distinguishsd bythe very thing so lacking in Greek linguistics m systematic, rationalanalysis of the forms of speech. But this was not the only addition toprevious knowledge. Everywhere linguistic material from older timeswas brought to light which made an historical treatment of languagepossible —— in distant Iran as well as in the regions of Europe knownin ancient times, among the Slavs, the Germans, the Celts. Thus inevery way the study of the Indo-European family of languages wasbroadened. Of this family, whose existence was first recognized atthe beginning of the century, even the least-known members weredrawn into the circle of investigation: first ithuanian, the great ageof whose forms became evident in the new light of linguisticcomparison, and attracted attention early.　　……

前言

　　FOR the most part this work is a translation of Professor Pedersen's Sp-rogvide~kaben i det Nittende Aarhundrede: Metoder og Resultater, Copenhagen, Gyldendalske Boghandel, 1924, which appeared as Volume XV of Det Nittende Aarhundrede, an imposing series edited by Aage Friis and designed to present the cultural history of the nineteenth century in all its aspects. The relatively unimportant deviations from the original have been made either by the author or with his advice and consent. Scholarly works which have appeared since 1924, and are of such a nature as to affect the conclusions expressed in the original text, have been mentioned by the author in the translation; other changes include occasional amplification of a statement or the use of different examples. Word-forms thoroughly familiar to the Scandinavian reader might not be illuminating to the reader of an English translation, and therefore more appropriate examples have been selected in place of those on page 272, the first paragraph of page 273, and most of the first paragraph of page 274 of the Danish text.　　The way of the translator is hard, as any one knows who has gone that way; especially hard when a work of a scholarly nature is involved, where extreme fidelity in translation is imperative. That way would not have been trod in the present instance if the translator had not thought he saw in the original certain cardinal virtues which would make the hook a desirable addition to the English literature of linguistics. The problems, as well as the accomplishments, of the study of linguistics during this most important of centuries are faithfully and clearly recorded. Before each step in advance is described, the need for this step is pointed out, so that we have not merely adry recital of events, hut a story which gives us a series of living pictures of these pioneering intellects actually at work wrestling with problems the solution of which constitutes one chapter of the most stirring history we know, the history of the achievements of the human spirit in winning new knowledge.

内容概要

裴特生(Holger Pedersen)，丹麦人，著名比较语言学家。1867年生于丹麦西部的Gelballe镇，早年曾跟随杰出的比较语言学家、新语法学派创始人卡尔·勃鲁格曼(Karl Brugmann)赴希腊西海岸与阿尔巴尼亚隔海相对的科孚岛(Corfu岛，现名克基拉岛)收集阿尔巴尼亚语材料。1897年获

书籍目录

导读　英译者序　原书目录　引论　（一）无宗教的古代　（二）基督教。中古时期　（三）16和17世纪　（四）18世纪　（五）19世纪第一章  印度和伊朗古代文学语言的发展　（一）印度语　（二）伊朗语　第二章近代欧洲诸大语群：日耳曼语、斯拉夫语、克尔特语　（一）日耳曼语　（二）斯拉夫语　（三）克尔特语第三章立陶宛语、阿尔巴尼亚语、阿尔明尼亚语　（一）立陶宛语　（二）阿尔巴尼亚语　（三）阿尔明尼亚语第四章古希腊拉丁语研究的继续　（一）古典语文学　（二）希腊语　（三）拉丁语第五章非印欧的诸语系的研究　（一）欧洲四围的外系语言　（二）印度四围非印欧系的诸语群　（三）更远的非印欧系的诸语群第六章  铭文和考古发现文字史的研究　（一）楔形铭文所代表的诸语言　（二）象形文字的领域　（三）闪语字母　（四）闪语字母较远的支裔　（五）使用希腊字母的一些国家　1．希腊古文字的发现　2．其他民族采用的希腊字母　（六）拉丁字母的支裔第七章  比较语言学的方法　（一）方法的发展概况　（二）早期的比较语言学　（三）比较语言学的新时期第八章  印欧人的语言亲属关系、家乡和文化索引　通用索引　词汇索引

作者简介

《十九世纪欧洲语言学史》详尽地介绍了西方比较语言学的兴起和发展，对于近代欧洲语言科学的发展、方法和成果做了综合的叙述。介绍了欧洲古典时代、中世纪以及16，17，18世纪的语言学的演进，叙述了印欧语系各个语支以及世界各个语系的研究情形，并从碑铭与考古的发现情况对文字史进行了探讨，最后还讨论了比较语言学的方法论及其演进过程。

著名语言学家朱德熙先生称《十九世纪欧洲语言学史》为“最好的一本介绍历史比较方法的书”。

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