多媒体计算 通信与应用

书籍目录

1 introduction

1.1 branch-overlapping aspects of multimedia

1.2 content

1.3 global structure

1.4 multimedia literature

2 multimedia：media and data streams

2.1 medium

2.1.1 the perception medium

2.1.2 the representation medium

2.1.3 the presentation medium

2.1.4 the storage medium

2.1.5 the transmission medium

2.1.6 the information exchange medium

2.1.7 representation values and representation spaces

2.1.8 representation dimensions

2.2 main properties of a multimedia system

2.2.1 multimedia system definition

2.2.2 combination of media

2.2.3 independence

2.2.4 computer-supported integration

2.2.5 communication systems

2.3 multimedia

2.4 traditional data streams characteristics

2.4.1 asynchronous transmission mode

2.4.2 synchronous transmission mode

2.4.3 isochronous transmission mode

2.5 data stream characteristics for continuous media

2.5.1 the time interval between a complete transmission of consecutive packets

2.5.2 variation of consecutive packet amount

2.5.3 contiguous packets

2.6 information units

3 sound/audio

3.1 basic sound concepts

3.1.1 computer representation of sound

3.1.2 audio formats

3.2 music

3.2.1 midi basic concepts

3.2.2 midi devices

3.2.3 midi messages

3.2.4 midi and smpte timing standards

3.2.5 midi software

3.3 speech

3.3.1 speech generation

3.3.2 speech analysis

3.3.3 speech transmission

4 images and graphics

4.1 basic concepts

4.1.1 digital image representation

4.1.2 image format

4.2 computer image processing

4.2.1 image synthesis

4.2.2 image analysis

4.2.3 image transmission

4.3 comments

5 video and animation

5.1 basic concepts

5.1.1 video signal representation

5.1.2 computer video format

5.2 television

5.2.1 conventional systems

5.2.2 enhanced definition systems

5.2.3 high-definition systems

5.2.4 transmission

5.3 computer-based animation

5.3.1 basic concepts

5.3.2 animation languages

5.3.3 methods of controlling animation

5.3.4 display of animation

5.3.5 transmission of animation

5.3.6 comments

6 data compression

6.1 storage space

6.2 coding requirements

6.3 source，entropy and hybrid coding

6.4 some basic compression techniques

6.5 jpeg

6.5.1 image preparation

6.5.2 lossy sequential dct-based mode

6.5.3 expanded lossy dct-based mode

6.5.4 lossless mode

6.5.5 hierarchical mode

6.6 h.261(px64)

6.6.1 image preparation

6.6.2 coding algorithms

6.6.3 data stream

6.7 mpeg

6.7.1 video encoding

6.7.2 audio encoding

6.7.3 data stream

6.7.4 mpeg-2

6.7.5 mpeg-4

6.8 dvi

6.8.1 video encoding

6.8.3 data stream

6.9 comments

7 optical storage media

7.1 history

7.2 basic technology

7.3 video disks and other worms

7.4 compact disk digital audio

7.4.1 preliminary technical background

7.4.2 eight-to-fourteen modulation

7.4.3 error handling

7.4.4 frames，tracks，areas and blocks of a cd-da

7.4.5 advantages of digital cd-da technology

7.5 compact disk read only memory

7.5.1 blocks

7.5.2 modes

7.5.3 logical data format

7.5.4 limitations of the cd-rom technology

7.6 cd-rom extended architecture

7.6.1 form 1 and form 2

7.6.2 compressed data of different media

7.7 further cd-rom-based developments

7.7.1 compact disk interactive

7.7.2 compact disk interactive ready format

7.7.3 compact disk bridge disk

7.7.5 digital video interactive

7.8 compact disk write once

7.8.1 principle of the cd-wo

7.8.2 sessions

7.9 compact disk magneto optical

7.9.1 principle of the magnetic-optical method

7.9.2 areas of the cd-mo

8 computer technology

8.1 communication architecture

8.1.1 hybrid systems

8.1.2 digital systems

8.2 multimedia workstation

8.3 comments

9 multimedia operating systems

9.1 introduction

9.2 real time

9.2.1 the notion of “real-time”

9.2.2 real time and multimedia

9.3 resource management

9.3.1 resources

9.3.2 requirements

9.3.3 components and phases

9.3.4 allocation scheme

9.3.5 continuous media resource model

9.4 process management

9.4.1 real time process management in conventional operating systems：an example

9.4.2 real-time processing requirements

9.4.3 traditional real-time scheduling

9.4.4 real-time scheduling：systim model

9.4.5 earliest deadline first algorithm

9.4.6 rate monotonic algorithm

9.4.7 edf and rate monotonic：context switches

9.4.8 edf and rate monotonic：processor utilizations

9.4.9 extensions to rate monotonic scheduling

9.4.10 other approaches for in-time scheduling

9.4.11 preemptive versus non-preemptive task scheduling

9.4.12 scheduling of continuous media tasks：prototype operating systems

9.5 file systems

9.5.1 traditional file systems

9.5.2 multimedia file systems

9.6 additional operating system issues

9.6.1 additional operating system issues

9.6.2 memory management

9.6.3 device management

9.7 system architecture

9.7.1 unix-based systems

9.7.2 quicktime

9.7.3 windows multimedia extensions

9.7.4 os/2 multimedia presentation manager/2

9.8 concluding remarks

10 networking systems

10.1 layers，protocols and services

10.2 networks

10.3 local area networks(lans)

10.3.1 high-speed ethernet

10.3.2 token ring

10.3.3 fddi

10.3.4 local atm networks

10.4 metropolitan area networks(mans)

10.4.1 distributed queue dual bus(dqdb)

10.4.2 orwell

10.4.3 man connectivity to atm networks

10.5 wide area networks(wans)

10.5.1 traditional wan's

10.5.2 b-isdn:atm

10.6 conclusion

11 multimedia communication systems

11.1 application subsystem

11.1.1 collaborative computing

11.1.2 session management

11.2 transport subsystem

11.2.1 requirements

11.2.2 transport layer

11.2.3 network layer

11.3 quality of service and resource management

11.3.1 basic concepts

11.3.2 establishment and closing of the multimedia call

11.3.3 managing resources during multimedia transmission

11.3.4 architectural issues

11.4 comments

11.4.1 trends in collaborative computing

11.4.2 trends in transport systems

12 database systems

12.1 multimedia database management system

12.2 characteristics of an mdbms

12.3 data analysis

12.4 data structure

12.4.1 raw data

12.4.2 registering data

12.4.3 descriptive data

12.4.4 examples of multimedia structures

12.4.5 comments on data analysis

12.5 operations on data

12.6 integration in a database model

12.6.1 relational database model

12.6.2 object-oriented database model

12.7 comments

13 documents，hypertext and mheg

13.1 documents

13.1.1 document architecture

13.1.2 manipulation of multimedia data

13.2 hypertext and hypermedia

13.2.1 hypertext，hypermedia and multimedia

13.2.2 hypermedia systems：an example

13.2.3 history

13.2.4 systems：architecture，nodes and pointers

13.2.5 some final comments about hypertext systems

13.3 document architecture sgml

13.3.1 some details

13.3.2 sgml and multimedia

13.3.3 closing comments about sgml

13.4 document architecture oda

13.4.1 some details on oda

13.4.2 oda and multimedia

13.5 mheg

13.5.1 example of an interactive multimedia presentation

13.5.2 derivation of a class hierarchy

13.5.3 contents

13.5.4 behavior

13.5.5 user interaction

13.5.6 container

13.5.7 closing comments

14 user interfaces

14.1 general design issues

14.1.1 architectural issues

14.1.2 information characteristics for presentation

14.1.3 presentation function

14.1.4 presentation design knowledge

14.1.5 effective human-computer interaction

14.2 current work

14.3 extension through video and audio

14.4 video at the user interface

14.4.1 hardware for visualization of motion pictures

14.4.2 example：remote camera control application

14.5 audio at the user interface

14.6 user-friendliness as the primary goal

14.6.1 easy to learn instructions

14.6.2 context-sensitive help functions

14.6.3 easy to remember instructions

14.6.4 effective instructions

14.6.5 aesthetics

14.6.6 effective implementation support

14.6.7 entry elements

14.6.8 meaningful location of functions

14.6.9 presentation

14.6.10 dialogue boxes

14.6.11 additional design criteria

14.6.12 design-specific criteria

14.7 comments

15 synchronization

15.1 introduction

15.2 notion of synchronization

15.2.1 multimedia systems

15.2.2 basic synchronization issues

15.2.3 intra-and inter-object synchronization

15.2.4 live and synthetic synchronization

15.2.5 comment

15.3 presentation requirements

15.3.1 lip synchronization requirements

15.3.3 elementary media synchronization

15.4 a reference model for multimedia synchronization

15.4.1 existing classification approaches

15.4.2 the synchronization reference model

15.4.3 synchronization in a distributed environment

15.4.4 aggregate characteristics of the synchronization reference model

15.5 synchronization specification

15.5.1 quality of service

15.5.2 multimedia synchronization specification methods

15.5.3 interval-based specifications

15.5.4 axes-based synchronization

15.5.5 control flow-based specification

15.5.6 event-based synchronization

15.5.7 scripts

15.5.8 comment

15.6 case studies

15.6.1 synchronization in mheg

15.6.2 hytime

15.6.3 firefly system

15.6.4 mode

15.6.5 multimedia tele-orchestra

15.6.6 littles framework

15.6.7 acme

15.6.8 further synchronization-related systems

15.6.9 comment

15.7 summary and outlook

15.7.1 summary

15.7.2 future topics

15.7.3 conclusion

16 abstractions for programming

16.1 abstraction levels

16.2 libraries

16.3 system software

16.3.1 data as time capsules

16.3.2 data as streams

16.4 toolkits

16.5 higher programming languages

16.5.1 media as types

16.5.2 media as files

16.5.3 media as processes

16.5.4 programming language requirements

16.6 object-oriented approaches

16.6.1 application-specific metaphors as classes

16.6.2 application-generic metaphors as classes

16.6.3 devices as classes

16.6.4 processing units as classes

16.6.5 media as classes

16.6.6 communication-specific metaphors as classes

16.7 comments

17 multimedia applications

17.1 introduction

17.1.1 programs

17.1.2 structure

17.2 media preparation

17.2.2 remarks on the current status

17.3 media composition

17.3.1 text and graphics editors

17.3.2 image editors

17.3.3 animation editors

17.3.4 sound editors

17.3.5 video editors

17.4 media integration

17.4.1 multimedia editors

17.4.2 hypermedia/hypertext editors

17.4.3 authoring tools

17.5 media communication

17.5.1 tele-services

17.5.2 implementation of conversational services

17.5.3 implementation of messaging services

17.5.4 implementation of retrieval services

17.5.5 implementation of tele-action services

17.5.6 implementation of tele-operation services

17.5.7 applications of tele-services

17.6 media consumption

17.6.1 viewing multimedia documents

17.6.2 books：proceedings and newspapers

17.6.3 kiosks

17.6.4 tele-shopping

17.7 media entertainment

17.7.1 virtual reality

17.7.2 interactive video

17.7.3 interactive audio

17.7.4 games

17.8 trends

18 future directions

18.1 where are we today?

18.1.1 user interface

18.1.2 operating systems

18.1.3 multimedia documents

18.1.4 synchronization

18.1.5 programming

18.2 what are the next steps?

18.2.1 devices

18.2.2 visualization

18.2.3 mobility

18.2.4 interactivity

18.2.5 operating systems

18.2.6 further issues in virtual environments

18.2.7 multimedia user interface

18.2.8 hypermedia

18.2.9 multimedia applications

18.3 what are the multimedia research issues?

a abbreviations

bibliography

index

作者简介

本书从多媒体部件、系统和应用三个主要方面来阐述，内容系统、丰富、全面，从操作系统和硬件到用户界面、应用和编程采样，覆盖了包括新领域在内的许多重要的主题。本书由18章构成：前5章介绍了多媒体、媒体等概念及数据流的特点，具体讲述了声音／音频、图像和图形、视频和动画的基本概念、构成和表示方法；第6章概括了对音频和视频数据的存储，进行数据压缩的原因及实现数据压缩的编码方法(如DCT等)；第7、8章介绍了光存储介质和计算机技术；第9章详细讲述了资源和进程管理，给出了大量实时处理的主要算法；第10章概述了网络系统的层、协议、服务及网络的分类，也介绍了局域网、广域网和城域网的特点、分类和组成；第11章论述了在应用层子系统和传输层子系统中如何实现多媒体通信，如何实现QoS和资源管理；第12章简单描述了多媒体数据库的组成和管理；第13章通过利用ODA、SGML、超文本和超媒体及MHEG对文档体系结构进行了分析；第14章引入了多媒体的一个重要内容，即多媒体交互界面的设计；第15章较为详细地描述了多媒体系统的核心——多媒体同步问题，包括同步的构想、要求以及一个多媒体同步的参考模型等；第16章的内容是编程抽象，详细概述了诸如库、系统软件、高级过程编程语言和面向对象方法的抽象层次；最后在第17、18章，讲述了多媒体在媒体成分制作与合成、媒体通信及娱乐等方面的应用和多媒体未来的发展方向。

本书既可作为高校相关专业多媒体课程的教材，又可作为在此领域工作的各类人员的参考资料。

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