会计学教程与案例

书籍目录

Contents

PART l

FlNANCIAL ACCOUNTlNG

l The Nature and Purpose of

Accounting,

The Need for Infonnation,

Operating Infonnation,

Financial Accounting,

Management Accounting,

Definition of Accounting,

The Profession of Accounting

Our Approach to Accounting,

Preconceptions about

Accounting,

PlanoftheBook,

The Financial Accounting

Framework,

Accounting's Historical

Antecedents,

Accounting as a Language,

Nature of Principles,

Criteria,

Source of Accounting

Principles,

Financial Statements,

Financial Statement

Objectives,

Income Tax Reporting,

Case l-l Kim Brooks,

Case l-2 Baron Cobur-g,

2 Basic Accounting Concepts: The

Balance Sheet,

Basic Concepts,

The Money Measurement

Concept,

The Entity Concept,

The Going-Concem Concopt,

The Cost Concept,

The Dual-Aspect Concept,

The Balance Sheet,

An Overall View,

Account Categories,

Assets,

Liabilities,

Owners' Equity,

Ratios,

Balance Sheet Changes,

Original Capital Contribution,

Bank Loan,

Purchase of Merchandise,

Sale of Merchandise,

Concluding Comment,

Case 2-1, Maynard Company (A),

Case 2-2, Music Mart, Inc.,

Case 2-3, Redwood Cafe (A),

Case 2-4, Los Niiios Day Care

Center,

3 Basic Accounting Concepts: The

Income Statement,

The Nature of Income,

The Accounting Period Concept

Interim Reports,

Relation between Income and

Owners' Equity,

Income Not the Same as Increase in

Cash,

The Conservatism Concept,

Application to Revenue

Recognition,

The Realization Concept,

The Matching Concept,

Recognition of Expenses

Tenninology,

Criteria for Expense

Recognition,

Expenses and Expenditures,

Dividends,

Summary of Expense

Measurement,

Gains and Losses,

The Consistency Concept,

The Materiality Concept,

The Income Statement,

Revenues,

Cost of Sales,

Gross Margin,

Expenses,

Net Income, .

Statement of Retained

Eamings,

Relation between Balance Sheet and

Income Statement,

Income Statement Percentages-

Other Concepts of Income,

Accrual versus Cash-Basis

Accounting,

Income Tax Accounting,

Economic Income,

Case 3-1 Maynard Company (B),

Case 3-2 Santa Fe Art Gallery,

Case 3-3 Redwood Cafe (B),

Case 3-4 John Bartlett,

Case 3-5 Pinetree Motel,

Case 3-6 National Helontogical

Association,

4 Accounting Records and Systems,

Recordkeeping Fundamentals,

The Account,

Permanent Accounts and Temporary

Accounts,

The Ledger,

The Chart of Accounts

Debit and Credit,

Transaction Analysis,

Example: Campus Pizzeria

Inc.,

Balancing Accounts,

The Trial Balance,

The Adjusting and Closing

Process,

Adjusting Entries,

Closing Entries,

Statement Preparation,

The Joumal,

Summary of the Accounting

Process,

Accounting Systems

Special Joumals,

Control Accounts and Subsidiary

Ledgers,

Imprest Funds,

Intemal Accounting Controls, "

Significant Recordkeeping

Ideas,

Computer-Based Accounting

Systems,

What a Computer-Based System

Does,

Relation to Manual Systems,

Problems with Computer

Systems,

Appendix: Additional Accounting

Cycle Procedures,

Locating Errors Revealed by the

Trial Balance,

The Worksheet,

Case4-l,PCDepot,

Case 4-2, Save-Mart,

Case 4-3, Copies Express,

Case 4-4, Trevino's Service Station

l24

5 Revenue and Monetary Assets,

Timing of Revenue Recognition,

Basic Recognition Criteria,

Delivery Method,

Percentage-of-Completion

Method,

Production Method,

Installment Method,

Amount of Revenue Recognized

Bad Debts,

Sales Discounts,

Credit Card Sales,

Sales Retums and Allowances,

Revenue Adjustment versus

Expense

Warranty Costs,

Interest Revenue,

Monetary Assets,

Difference in Reporting Monetary

and Nonmonetary Assets,

Cash,

Receivables,

Marketable Securities,

Analysis of Monetary Assets,

Current Ratio,

Acid-Test Ratio,

Days' Cash,

Days' Receivables,

Case 5-1 Moyer Corporation (A),

Case 5-2 MacDonald's Fann

Case 5-3 Middleburg Realty

Company,

Case 5-4 Jean Coffin (A)

6 Cost of Sales and Inventories,

Types of Companies,

Supplies,

Merchandising Companies,

Acquisition Cost,

The Basic Measurement

Problem, l64

Periodic Inventory Method,

Perpetual Inventory Method,

Comparison of Periodic and

Perpetual Methods,

Retail Method,

Manufacturing Companies,

Inventory Accounts,

Materials Used,

Cost of Goods Manufactured,

Cost of Goods Sold,

Product Costing Systems,

Product Costs and Period

Costs, 176

Service Companies,

Inventory Costing Methods,

Specific Identification Method,

Average Cost Method, 379

First-ln, First-Out Method,

Last-ln, First-Out Method,

Comparison of Methods,

Lower of Cost or Market,

Analysis of Inventory,

Inventory Turnover,

Case 6-1, Riechel Company,

Case 6-2, Fahning Manufacturing

Company,

Case 6-3, Medfield Corporation,

Case 6-4, Morgan Manufacturing,

Case 6-5, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco

Company,

Case 6-6, Jean Coffin (B),

7 Long-Lived Assets and Their

Amortization,

Nature of Long-Lived Assets,

Types of Long-Lived Assets,

Plant and Equipment:

Acquisition,

Distinction between Asset and

Expense,

Items Included in Cost,

Acquisitions Recorded at Other than

Cost,

Basket Purchases,

Plant and Equipment:

Depreciation,

Judgments Required,

Service Life, .

Depreciation Method,

Choice of a Depreciation

Method,

Accounting for Depreciation,

Change in Depreciation Rates,

Partial Year Depreciation,

Disclosure,

Plant and Equipment: Disposal,

Exchanges and Tsrade-lns,

Group Depreciation,

Significance of Depreciation,

Income Tax Considerations,

Income Tax Depreciation,

Investment Tax Credit,

Leased Assets,

Capital Leases,

Natural Resources,

Depletion,

Accretion and Appreciation

Intangible Assets,

Goodwill,

Patents, Copyrights, Franchise

Rights,

Leasehold Improvements

Deferred Change

Research and Development Costs.

Case 7-1 Moyer Corporation (B),

Case 7-2 Jean Coffin (C),

Case 7-3 Stafford Press,

Case 7-4 Digitrex Company,

Case 7-5 Depreciation at Delta and

PanAm,

8 Sources ofCapital: Debt,

Nature of Liabilities,

Executory Contracts,

Contingencies,

Liabilities as a Source of

Funds,

Debt Capital,

Term Loans,

Bonds,

Accounting for Bonds,

Recording a Bond Issue,

Balance Sheet Presentation,

Bond Interest Expense,

Retirement of Bonds,

Refunding a Bond Issue,

Other Liabilities,

Analysis of Capital Structure,

Debt Ratios,

Times Interest Earned

Bond Ratings,

Appendix: Present Value,

Concept of Present Value,

Finding Present Values,

Present Value of a Series

Payments,

Present Values and Liabilities,

Present Values and Assets,

Calculating Bond Yields,

Case 8-1, Martin Corporation

(A),

Case 8-2, Stybel Industries, Inc.,

Case 8-3, Megashye Engineering

Company,

Case 8-4, Paul Murray,

Case 8-5, Jean Coffin (D),

9 Sources ofCapital: Owners'

Equity, 281

Forms of Business Organization

Sole Proprietorship,

Partnership,

Corporation,

Accounting for Proprietor's and

Partners' Equity,

Proprietorship Equity,

Partnership Equity,

Ownership in a Corporation,

Preferred Stock,

Common Stock,

Treasury Stock,

Reserves,

Retained Eamines,

Dividends,

Warrants and Stock Options,

Employee Stock Ownership Plans,

Balance Sheet Presentation

Eamings per Share,

Common Stock Equivalents,

The Line between Debt and

Equity,

Zero-Coupon Bonds,

Redeemable Preferred Stock,

Equity in Nonprofit

Organizations,

Case 9-1 Xytech, Inc.,

Case 9-2 FMC Corporation

Recapitalization (A),

Case 9-3 Trelease Industries, Inc

10 Other Items That Affect Net

Income,

Personnel Costs,

Pensions,

Other Postretirement Benefits,

Compensated Absences,

Income Taxes,

Book-to-Tax Differences

Deferred Taxes,

Accounting Entries,

Nonoperating Items,

Extraordinary Items,

Discontinued Operations,

Change in Accounting

Principles,

Adjustments to Retained

Earnings,

Foreign Currency Accounting,

Foreign Currency Transactions,

Foreign Currency Translation

Net Income,

Accounting and Changing Prices

Nature of the Problem,

Proposed Solutions,

Related Developments,

Case lO-l, Martin Corporation (B),

Case 10-2, Silver Appliance Company,

Case 10-3, Union Carbide Corporation

Case l0-4, Major League Baseball (B),

Case l0-5, Freedom Technology

Company,

ll The Statement of Cash Flows,

The Concept of Flow Statements,

Purpose of the Cash Flow

Statement,

Sources and Uses of Cash,

The Cash Flow Statement,

Statement Categories,

Investing Activities,

Financing Activities,

Noncash Transactions,

Cash Flow from Operating

Activities,

Indirect Method Calculations,

Summary of the Cash Flow

Statement,

Misconceptions About Depreciation

Cash Flow Eamings

Preparation of the Cash Flow

Statement,

Cash Flow Worksheet,

Worksheet Entries, ;

Statement Preparation,

Summary of Preparation

Procedures,

Analysis of the Cash Flow

Statement,

Ratios,

Cash Flow Projections,

Case ll-l Medieval Adventures

Company,

Case 11-2 Amerbran Company

(A),

Case ll-3 Statements ofCash Flows:

Three Examples,

Case 11-4 FMC Corporation

Recapitalization (B),

Case ll-5 W. T. Grant Company

12 Acquisitions and Consolidated

Statements,

Accounting for Investments

Fair-Value Method,

Equity Method,

Consolidated Basis,

Business Combinations,

Purchase versus Pooling,

Accounting as a Pooling,

Accounting as a Purchase,

Impact on Balance Sheet,

Impact on Earnings,

Consolidated Statements,

Basis for Consolidation,

Consolidation Procedure,

Asset Valuation,

Minority Interest,

Case 12-l, Hardin Tool Company

Case l2-2, Carter Corporation,

Case 12-3, United States Steel and

Marathon Oil,

13 Financial Statement Analysis,

Business Objectives,

Retum on Investment,

Sound Financial Position,

Structure of the Analysis,

Overall Measures,

Retum on Investment,

Investment Turnover and Profit

Margin,

Price/Earnings Ratio,

Profitability Ratios,

Profit Margin,

Investment Utilization Ratios,

Investment Turnover,

Working Capital Measures,

Financial Condition Ratios,

Liquidity and Solvency,

Dividend Policy,

Growth Measures,

Making Comparisons,

Difficulties,

Possible Bases for Comparison,

Use of Comparisons,

Case 13-l Genmo Corporation,

Case 13-2 Amerbran Company

(B),

Case 13-3 The Financial

Detective,

Case l3-4 Springfield National

Bank,

l4 Understanding Financial

Statements,

Additional Information in Annual

Reports,

Auditors' Opinion,

Notes to Financial Statements,

Segment Reporting,

Full Disclosure,

Comparative Statements,

Securities and Exchange

Commission (SEC) Reports,

Review of Criteria and Concepts

Criteria,

Concepts,

Accounting Altematives,

Regulatory Requirements,

Income Tax Principles,

Latitude in Methods,

Basis of Choice,

Controversies over Principles

Implications of These

Differences,

Inherent Limitations,

Ethical Problems,

Meaning of the Financial

Statements,

Income Statement,

Balance Sheet,

Statement of Cash Flows,

Case l4-l, Payson Lunch,

Case 14-2, Limited Editions, Inc.,

Case 14-3, Royal Crest, Inc.,

Case l4-4, SafeCard Services, Inc.

Case l4-5, U.S. Windpower, Inc.,

PART2

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTlNG,

15 The Nature of Management

Accounting,

Management Accounting as One Type

of Infonnation,

Infonnation,

Management Accounting,

Mlanagement Accountants,

Contrast between Management

Accounting and Financial

Reporting,

Differences,

Similarities,

Source Disciplines,

Types of Management Accounting

Information and Their Uses,

Measurement,

Control,

Altemative Choice Decisions,

General Observations on Management

Accounting,

Different Numbers for Different

Purposes,

Accounting Numbers Are

Approximations,

Working with Incomplete Data,

Accounting Evidence Is Only Partial

Evidence,

People, Not Numbers, Get Things

Done,

Case 15-l Bates Boatyard,

16 The Behavior of Costs,

Relation of Costs to Volume,

Variable and Fixed Costs,

Cost-Volume Diagrams,

Relation to Unit Costs,

Inherent Conditions,

Linear Assumption,

Estimating the Cost-Volume

Relationship,

Measures of Volume

The Profitgraph,

Break-Even Volume,

Operating Leverage,

Contribution,

Cash versus Accrual

Profitgraphs,

Using the Profitgraph,

Several Products,

Other Influences on Costs,

Appendix: Leaming Curves,

Case 16-l, Jackson Thomas,

Case 16-2, Hospital Supply, Inc.,

Case 16-3, Bill French, ,

Case l6-4, Azienda Vinicola Italiana,

Case 16-5, Morrin Aircraft Company,

17 Full Costs and Their Uses

Cost Concepts,

General Definition,

Cost Object,

Full Cost,

Direct and Indirect Costs,

Applicable Accounting

Principles,

Elements of Product Cost,

Product Costing Systems.

Account Flowchart,

Nonmanufacturing Costs,

Merchandising Companies,

Service Or-ganizations,

Nonprofit Organizations,

Uses of Full Cost,

Financial Reporting,

Analysis of Profitability,

What Did It Cost?,

Setting Regulated Prices

Product Pricing,

Case 17-l Delaney Motors,

Case 17-2 Lipman Bottle Company

18 Additional Aspects of Product Costing

Systems,

Job Order Costing and Process

Costing,

Production Processes,

Averaging,

Basic Types of Systems,

Job Order Costing,

Process Costing,

Choice of a System,

Variations in Practice,

Measurement of Direct Costs,

Direct Labor Cost,

Direct Material Cost,

Direct versus Variable Cost,

Allocation of Indirect Costs,

Distinction between Direct and

Indirect Costs,

Nature of Allocation,

Cost Centers,

Calculating Overhead Rates

Cost Drivers (Allocation

Bases),

Predetennined Overhead

Rates,

Procedure for Establishing

Predetermined Rates,

Underabsorbed and Overabsorbed

Overhead,

Activity-Based Costing,

Cross Subsidies,

Activity-Based Costing

Concepts,

Case 18-l, Problems in Full Cost

Accounting,

Case 18-2 Huron Automotive

Company,

Case 18-3, Rosemont Hill Health

Center,

Case 18-4, Siemens Electric Motor

Works,

19 Standard Costs, Variable Costing

Systems, Quality Costs, and Joint

Costs,

Standard Costs,

Standard Cost Sheet,

Account Flowchart,

Variations in the Standard Cost

Idea,

Tenninology Ambiguities,

Uses of Standard Costs,

Variable Costing Systems,

Comparison ofAbsorption and

Variable Costing,

Why Use Full Costing?.

Quality Costs,

Joint Products and By-Products

Joint-Product Costing,

By-Product Costing,

Accuracy of Costs,

Judgment Calls,

Tendencies toward Unifonnity,

Cost System Design Choices,

Appendix A: Standard Costing

lllustration,

System Overview,

Establishing Standard Costs,

Accounting Entries,

Sales and Cost of Sales,

Appendix B: Absorption versus

Variable Costing's Impact on

Income,

Case 19-l Bennett Body

Company,

Case 19-2 Black Meter Company

Case 19-3 Amurath Company,

Case 19-4 Nemad Company,

Case 19-5 Brisson Company,

Case 19-6 Landau Company,

Case 19-7 Craik Veneer

Company,

20 Production Cost Variances

Direct Material and Labor

Variances,

Direct Material Variances.

Direct Labor Variances,

Overhead Variances,

Production Volume Variance,

Spending Variance,

Calculation of Overhead

Variances,

Appendix A: Fixed Costs and the

Overhead Volume Variance,

Case 20-1 Problems in Variance

Analysis,

Case 20-2 SunAir Boat Builders

Inc.,

Case 20-3 Medi-Exam Health

Services, Inc.,

Case 20-4 Cotter Company, Inc.,

Case 20-5 Lupton Company,

Case 20-6 C. F. Church

Manufacturing Company,

21 Analyzing Other Variances

Overview of the Analytical

Process,

The Need for Variance

Analysis,

Types of Variances,

Marketing Variances,

Expense Variances,

Gross Margin Variances,

Production Cost Variances,

Correct Volume Measures,

Other Variances,

Complete Analysis,

Marketing Variances,

Production Cost Variances,

Uses of Variances,

Appendix: Variances with Variable

Costing,

Margin Analysis,

Other Variances,

Reconciliation of Income

Variance,

Case 21-2 Campar Industries,

Inc.,

Case 21-2 Darius Company,

Case 21-3 Dallas Consulting

Group,

Case 21-4 Woodside Products,

Inc.,

22 Control: The Management Control

Environment,

Management Control,

The Environment,

The Nature of Organizations,

Rules, Guidelines, and

Procedures,

Culture,

Extemal Enviromnent,

Responsibility Centers,

Inputs and Outputs,

Responsibility Accounting,

Effectiveness and Efficiency,

Types of Responsibility Centers,

Revenue Centers,

Expense Centers,

Profit Centers,

Transfer Prices,

Investment Centers,

Nonmonetary Measures,

Case 22-1 Shuman Automobiles,

Inc.,

Case 22-2 Birch Paper Company,

Case 22-3 Enager Industries,

Inc.,

Case 22-4 Piedmont University,

23 Control: The Management Control

Process,

Phases of Management Control,

Strategic Planning,

Budgeting,

Measurement and Reporting

Evaluation,

Accounting Information Used in

Management Control,

Controllable Costs,

Engineered, Discretionary, and

Committed Costs,

Behavioral Aspects of Management

Control,

Behavior of Participants

Motivation,

Incentives,

Goal Congruence,

An Example: The Data Processing

Department,

Cooperation and Conflict,

Other Types of Control,

Case 23-1 Tru-Fit Parts, Inc.,

Case 23-2 American Steol

Corporation,

Case 23-3 Empire Glass

Company,

24 Strategic Planning and

Budgeting,

Strategic Planning,

Ongoing Programs,

Proposed New Programs,

Fonnal Strategic Planning

Systems,

Budgeting,

Uses of the Budget,

The Master Budget,

The Operating Budget,

Project Budgets,

Flexible (Variable) Budgets,

Management by Objectives,

Preparing the Operating Budget,

Organization for Budget

Preparation,

Budget Timetable,

Setting Planning Guidelines,

Preparing the Sales Budget,

Initial Preparation of Other Budget

Components,

Negotiation,

Coordination and Review,

Final Approval and

Distribution,

Revisions,

Variations in Practice,

The Cash Budget,

The Capital Expenditure Budget,

Project Proposals,

Authorization,

Follow Up,

Case 24-1 Downtown Parking

Authority,

Case 24-2 Societa Rigazio,

Case 24-3 Whiz Calculator Company

Case 24-4 Midwest lce Cream

Company (A),

Case 24-5 Reading Manufacturing

Company,

25 Reporting and Evaluation,

Control Reports,

Key Success Factors,

Types of Management Reports,

Period of Control Reports,

Contents of Control Reports,

Use of Control Reports,

Steps in the Control Process,

Reporting and Continuous

Improvement,

Incentive Compensation,

Case 25-1 Crompton, Ltd.,

Case 25-2 Midwest lce Cream

Company (B),

Case 25-3 Thomas J. Lipton, Inc

(A),

26 Short-Run Alternative Choice

Decisions,

The Differential Concept,

Cost Constructions for Various

Purposes,

Differential Costs and

Revenues,

Contrasts with Full Costs,

Contribution Analysis,

Types of Cost,

Alternative Choice Problems,

Objectives,

Steps in the Analysis,

Differential Costs,

Mechanics of the Calculation

Other Terminology,

Estimates of Future Costs

Sunk Costs,

Importance of the Time Span

Example: Operating an

Automobile,

Types of Altemative Choice

Problems,

Problems Involving Costs,

Problems Involving Both Revenues

and Costs,

Differential Investment,

Sensitivity Analysis,

The "Just One" Fallacy,

Some Practical Pointers,

Appendix: Useful Decision

Models,

Economic Order Quantity

Expected Value,

Sensitivity Analysis,

Decision Tree Analysis,

Linear Programming,

Case 26-1 Import Distributors

Inc.,

Case 26-2 Fomer Carpet

Company,

Case 26-3 Hanson Manufacturing

Company,

Case 26-4 Liquid Chemical

Company,

Case 26-5 Baldwin Bicycle

Company,

Case 26-6 Trammel Snowmobile

Company,

Case 26-7 Gentle Electric

Company,

Case 26-8 Warren Agency

27 Longer-Run Decisions: Capital

Budgeting,

Nature of the Problem,

General Approach,

Return on Investment,

Estimating the Variables,

Required Rate of Return,

Economic Life,

Cash Inflows,

Depreciation,

Investment,

Terminal Value,

Nonmonetary Considerations,

Summary of the Analytical

Process,

Other Methods of Analysis

Intemal Rate of Return

Method,

Payback Method,

Unadjusted Retum on Investment

Method,

Multiple Decision Criteria

Preference Problems,

Criteria for Preference

Problems,

Comparison of Preference

Rules, ,

Nonprofit Organizations,

Case 27-1 Sinclair Company,

Case 27-2 Dhahran Roads,

Case 27-3 Rock Creek Golf Club

Case 27-4 KLS Steel Company,

Case 27-5 Climax Shipping

Company,

28 Management Accounting System

Design,

Types of Accounting Information

Measurement,

Control,

Alternative Choice Problems,

Relative Importance,

Cost Categories,

DesignIng the Management

Accounting System,

Accounting Database,

Level of Detail,

Cost Accounting Systems,

Management Control Systems,

Case 28-1 Amtrak Auto Ferry

Service,

Case 28-2 Uncle Grumps Toys,

Appendix Table A Present Value of $1

Received N Years Hence,

Appendix Table B Present Value of $1

Received Annually for N

Years,

Index

 会计学教程与案例下载