Strategic Management 战略管理(第六版)

书籍目录

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

HOW TO ANALYZE A BUSINESS POLICY CASE

WHAT IS A BUSINESS POLICY CASE?

GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING CASE ANALYSES

The Need for Practicality ?The Need for

Justification ?The Need for Realism

?The Need for Specificity ?TheNeedfor

Originality ?The Need to Contribute

PREPARING A CASE FOR CLASS DlSCUSSlON

The Case Method Versus Lecture Approach

?The Cross-Examination

PREPARING A WRITTEN CASE ANALYSIS

The Executive Summary ?The Comprehensive

Written Analysis ?Steps in Preparing a

Comprehensive Written Analysis

MAKING AN ORAL PRESENTATION

Organizing the Presentation ?Controlling Your

Voice ?Managing Body Language

?Speaking from Notes ?Constructing Visual

Aids ?Answering Questions

FlFTY TlPS FOR SUCCESS IN CASE ANALYSIS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE STRATEGY

FORMULATORWD CASEANALYST

SOFTWARE

Making a Backup Copy of the Diskettes

THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR SOFTWARE

The Structure and Function of Strategy Formulator

?Getting Started ?The Save and Load

Routines ?The Print Routine

THE CASEANALYSTSOFTWARE

Contents of the Diskette

PART 1

OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIC

MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER

THE NATURE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMEINT

WHAT Is STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT?

Defining Strategic Management ?Stages of

Strategic Management ?Integrating Intuition and

Analysis ?Adapting to Change

KEY TERMS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Strategists ?Mission Statements ?Extemal

Opportunities and Threats ?Intemal Strengths

and Weaknesses ?Long-Term Objectives

?Strategies ?Annual Objectives Policies

THE STRATEGIC-MANAGEMENT MOOEL

BENEFiTS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Financiai Benefits ?Nonfinancial Benefits

BUSINESS ETHICS AND STRATEGIC

MANAGEMENT

COMPARING BUSINESS AND MlLITARY STRATEGY

THE COHESION CASE AND EXPERIENTIAL

EXERCISES

The Cohesion Case: Hershey Foods Corporation--

1996

Experiential Exercise lA

Strategy Analysis for Hershey Foods

Experiential Exercise IB

Developing a Code of Business Ethics for Hershey

Foods

Experiential Exercise IC

The Ethics of Spying on Competitors

Experiential Exercise ID

Strategic Planning for My University

Experiential Exercise lE

Strategic PIanning at a Local Company

CHAPTER 2

STRATEGIES IN ACTION

TYPES OF STRATEGIES

INTEGRATION STRATEGIES

Forward Integration ?Backward Integration

?Horizontal Integration

INTENSIVE STRATEGIES

Market Penetration ?Market Development

?Product Development

DlVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES

Concentric Diversification ?Horizontal

Diversification ?Conglomerate

Diversification

DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES

Joint Venture ?Retrenchment ?Divestiture

?Liquidation ?Combination

GUIOELINES FOR PURSUING STRATEGIES

MERGERS AND LEVERAGED BUYOUTS

Leveraged Buyouts (LBOs)

MlCHAEL PORTER'S GENERIC STRATEGIES

Cost Leadership Strategies ?Differentiation

Strategies ?Focus Strategies ?The Value

Chain ?The Competitive Advantage of

Nations

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN NONPROPIT

GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

Educational Institutions ?Medical

Organizations ?Govemmental Agencies and

Departments

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN SMALL FlRMS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2A

WHAT HAPPENED AT HERSHEY FOODS IN

1997?

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2B

EXAMINING STRATEGY ARTICLES

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2C

CLASSIFYING 1996 STRATEGIES

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2D

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AT THE DYNAMIC

COMPUTER COMPANY

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2E

HOW RlSKY ARE VARIOUS ALTERNATIVE

STRATEGIES?

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2F

DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR MY

UNIVERSITY

PART 2

STRATEGY FORMULATION

CHAPTER 3

THEBUSINESSMISSION

WHAT IS OUR BUSINESS?

THE IMPORTANCE OF A CLEAR MlSSION

Vision Versus Mission ?The Process of

Developing a Mission Statement

THE NATURE OF A BUSINESS MlSSION

A Declaration ofAttitude ?A Resolution of

Divergent Views ?A Customer Orientation

?A. Declaration of Social Policy

COMPONENTS OF A MlSSlON STATEMENT

WRITING AND EVALUATING MlSSION

STATEMENTS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3A

EVALUATING MlSSION STATEMENTS

EXPERIEN TIAL EXERCISE 3B

WRITING A MlSSION STATEMENT FOR HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3C

WRITING A MlSSION STATEMENT FOR MY

UNIVERSITY

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3D

CONDUCTING MlSSION STATEMENT

RESEARCH

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3E

ARE MlSSION STATEMENTS ESOTERIC?

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3F

USING THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR

SOFTWARE

CHAPTER 4

THE EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT

THE NATURE OF AN EXTERNAL AUDIT

Key External Forces ?The Process of

Performing an Extemal Audit ?Information

Technology

ECONOMIC FORCES

SOCIAL, CULTURAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, ANO

ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES

POLITICAL, GOVERNMENTAL, AND LEGAL

FORCES

TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES

COMPETITIVE FORCES

Competitive Intelligence Programs

?Cooperation Among Competitors

SOURCES OF EXTERNAL INPORMATION

Indexes ?Online Databases ?Library

Publications

FORECASTING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

Making Assumptions

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS: PORTER'S FlVE-FORCES

MODEL

Rivalry Among Competing Firms ?Potential

Entry of New Competitors ?Development of

Substitute Products ?Bargaining Power of

Suppliers ?Bargaining Power of

Consumers

INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: THE EXTERNAL FACTOR

EVALUATION (EFE) MATRIX

THE COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX (CPM)

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4A

DEVELOPING AN EFE MATRIX FOR HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4B

THE LlBRARY SEARCH

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4C

DEVELOPING AN EFE MATRIX FOR MY

UNIVERSITY

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4D

USING THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR

SOFTWARE

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4E

DEVELOPING A COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX

FOR HERSHEY FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4F

DEVELOPING A COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX

FOR MY UNIVERSITY

CHAPTER 5

THE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

THE NATURE OF AN INTERNAL AUDIT

Key Intemal Forces ?The Process of

Performing an Intemal Audit

RELATIONSHIPS AMONGTHE FUNCTIONAL AREAS

OF BUSINESS

Integrating Strategy and Culture ?Operating

As If the Natural Environment Matters

MANAGEMENT

Planning ?Organizing ?Motivating

?Staffing ?Controlling

MARKETING

CustomerAnalysis ?Buying Supplies

?Selling ProductsyServices ?Product and

Service Planning ?Pricing ?Distribution

?Marketing Research ?Opportunity

Analysis ?Social Responsibility

FlNANCE/ACCOUNTING

Finance/Accounting Functions ?Basic Types

of Financial Ratios

PRODUCTlON/OPERATIONS

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Intemal and Extemal R&D

COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Strategic Planning Software

INTERNAL-AUDIT CHECKLISTS

THE INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (IFE)

MATRIX 164

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5A

PERFORMING A FlNANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS FOR

HERSHEY FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5B

CONSTRUCTING AN IFE MATRIX FOR HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5C

CONSTRUCTING AN IFE MATRIX FOR MY

UNIVERSITY

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5D

USING THE STRATEGY FORMuLATOR

SOFTWARE

CHAPTER 6

STRATEQY ANALYSIS AND CHOICE

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY ANALYSIS AND

CHOICE

The Process ot' Generating and Selecting

Strategies

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES

TheNatureofLong-TermObjectives ? Not Managing by Objectives

A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY-FORMULATION

FRAMEWORK

THE INPUT STAGE

THE MATCHING STAGE

The Threats-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Strengths

(TOWS) Matrix ?The Strategic Position and

Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix ?The

Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix ?The

Intemal-Extemal (IE) Matrix ?The Grand

Strategy Matrix

THE DECISION STAGE

The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM)

?Positive Peatures and Limitations of the

QSPM

CULTURAL ASPECTS OF STRATEGY CHOICE

THE POLITICS OF STRATEGY CHOICE

THE ROLE OF A BOARD OF DlRECTORS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6A

DEVELOPING A TOWS MATRIX FOR HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6B

DEVELOPING A SPACE MATRIX FOR HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6C

DEVELOPING A BCG MATRIX FOR HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6D

DEVELOPING A QSPM FOR HERSHEY FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6E

FORMULATING INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6F

THE MACH TEST

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6G

DEVELOPING A BCG MATRIX FOR MY

UNIVERSITY

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6H.

USING THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR

SOFTWARE

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 61

THE ROLE OF BOARDS OF DlRECTORS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6J

LOCATING COMPANIES IN A GRAND STRATEGY

MATRIX

PART3

STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER 7

IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES: MANAGEMENT

ISSUES

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

Management Perspectives

ANNUAL OBJECTIVES

POLICIES

RESOURCE ALLOCATION

MANAGING CONFLICT

MATCHING STRUCTURE WITH STRATEGY

The Functional Structure ?The Divisional

Structure ?The Strategic Business Unit (SBU)

Structure ?The Matrix Stmcture

RESTRUCTURING AND REENGINEERING

Restructuring ?Reengineering

LlNKING PERFORMANCE AND PAYTO

STRATEGIES

MANAQING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

MANAGING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

CREATING A STRATEGY-SUPPORTIVE CULTURE

PRODUCTION/OPERATIONS CONCERNS WHEN

IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES

HUMAN RESOURCE CONCERNS WHEN

IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)

?Balancing Work Life and Home Life

?Corporate Fitness Programs

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7A

REVISING HERSHEY FOODS' ORGANIZATIONAL

CHART

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7B

MATCHING MANAGERS WITH STRATEGY

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7C

DO ORGANIZATIONS REALLY ESTABLISH

OBJECTIVES?

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7D

UNDERSTANDING MV UNIVERSITY'S

CULTLIRE

CHAPTER 8

IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES: MARKETING,

FINANCE/ACCOUINTING, R&D, AND CIS

ISSUES

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

MARKETING ISSUES

Market Segmentation ?Product Positioning

FlNANCE/ACCOUNTING ISSUES

Pro Forma Financial Statements ?Financial

Budgets ?Evaluating the Worth of a Business

?Deciding Whether to Go Public

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) ISSUES

COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS)

ISSUES

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8A

DEVELOPING A PRODUCT POSITIONING MAP FOR

HERSHEY FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8B

PERFORMING AN EPS/EBITANALYSIS FOR

HERSHEY FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE SC

USING CASEANALYST TO PREPARE PRO FORMA

FlNANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8D

DETERMINING THE CASH VALUE OF HERSHEY

FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8E

DEVELOPING A PRODUCT POSITIONING MAP FOR

MY UNIVERSITY

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8F

DO BANKS REQUIRE PRO FORMA

STATEMENTS?

PART4

STRATEGY EVALUATION

CHAPTER 9

STRATEGY REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND

CONTROL

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY EVALUATION

The Process of Evaluating Strategies

A STRATEGY-EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

Reviewing Bases of Strategy ?Measuring

Organizational Performance ?Taking

Corrective Actions

PUBLISHED SOURCES OF STRATEGY-EVALUATION

INFORMATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE EVALUATION

SYSTEM

CONTINGENCY PLANNING

AUDITING

The Environmental Audit

USING COMPUTERSTO EVALUATE STRATEGIES

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC

MANAGEMENT

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 9A

PREPARING A STRATEGY-EVALUATION REPORT

FOR HERSHEY FOODS

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 9B

EVALUATING MY UNIVERSITY'S STRATEGIES

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 9C

WHO PREPARES AN ENVIRONMENTALAUDIT?

PART 5

GLOBAL ISSUES IN STRATEGIC

MANAGEMENT

CHAPTERIO

INTERNATiONAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

THE NATURE OF GLOBAL COMPETITION

Advantages and Disadvantages of International

Operations

CULTURES AROUNDTHE WORLD

American Versus Foreign Cultures

THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE

The Impact of Diverse Industrial Policies

?Globalization

MEXICO

Trade Trends ?Trade Climate ?A New

President ?Mexican Culture ?New

Business Opportunities

RUSSIA

Trade Climate and Trends ?Russia: An

Entrepreneur's Paradise ?Money and Politics

?Corruption ?The Russian Culture

?Joint Ventures ?Guidelines for

Strategic Ventures

CHINA

Trade Trends ?Trade Climate ?The

Hong Kong Annexation * Risks in Doing

Business

JAPAN

Trade Trends ?Trade Climate Japanese Management Style ?Global

Expansion ?Financial Services Lifetime Employment

THE EUROPEAN UNION

Trade Climate and Trends ?Unification

?Mergers and Acquisitions

GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESS AS A GLOBAL

COMPETITOR

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE lOA

DETERMINING THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT

FOR HERSHEY'S PRODUCTS IN OTHER

COUNTRIES

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE lOB

DETERMINING MY UNIVERSITY'S RECRLIITING

EFFORTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE lOC

LESSONS IN DOING BUSINESS GLOBALLY

NAMEINDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

COMPANY INDEX

CASES

SERVICECOMPANIES

SMALL BUSINESSES

1. Splatterball Adventure Games-1996

2. Norwood Furniture Company--1995

3. TheWoodlands Cleaning Service-

1995

BANKING

INDUSTRY NOTE

4. Citicorp-1996

5. Banc One Corporation--1996

RETAILING

INDUSTRY NOTE

6. The Limited, Inc.-1996

7. Nordstrom-l 997

8. Wal-Mart Stores, lnc.--1997

LODGING AND GAMING

INDUSTRYNOTE

9. Promus Companies, Inc.--1996

10. Circus Circus Enterprises, Inc.--

1997

11. Carnival Corporation--1996

RAILROADS AND BUSES

INDUSTRY NOTE

12. Dakota, Minnesota, & Eastern Railroad-

1995

13. Greyhound Lines, Inc.-1996

MOVIE CINEMAS

INDUSTRY NOTE

14. Cineplex Odeon--1996

NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS

15. AudubonZoo--1995

16. The Classic Car Club of America--

1996

17. Elkins Lake Baptist Church--1995

18. Walnut Creek Baptist Church--1995

19. The Metropolitan Museum of Art-

1996

MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

SMALL BUSINESSES

20. E.L.NickellCompany--1997

21. NSP Corporate Graphics--1995

22. Material Handling Engineering, Ltd.

1995

MOTORCYCLE AND MOTOR HOME

23. Harley-Davidson--1996

24. Winnebagolndustries--1996

COMMERCIAL AlRCRAFT

INDUSTRY NOTE

25. McDonnell Douglas Corporation--

1996

26. Boeing--1996

BUILDING AND FOREST PRODUCTS

INDUSTRY NOTE

27. Weyerhaeuser Company--1996

28. Georgia-Pacific Corporation--1996

APPAREL

INDUSTRY NOTE

29. W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.--1995

30. Nike,lnc.--1996

MAGAZINE PUBLISHING

INDUSTRY NOTE

31. Playboy Enterprises, Inc.--1996

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

INDUSTRY NOTE

32. Biomet,lnc.--1996

33. Stryker Corporation-l 996

PERSONAL-CARE PRODUCTS

INDUSTRY NOTE

34. Avon Products, Inc.--1996

TOBACCO

INDUSTRY NOTE

35. UST,lnc.--1996

FOOD

INDUSTRY NOTE

36. Campbell Soup Company--1996

作者简介

内容提要

这是一部全面结合案例分析和案例练习来阐述战略管理的基本理论、培养学生战

略管理的基本技能和方法的教材。全书共分五部分十章。第一部分（共两章）阐述战

略管理的基本概念、理论和在实践中的运用和发展，同时引入一个案例，该案例贯穿

全书，在每章之后都有以此案例为基础的一组练习。第二部分（共四章）阐述战略的

制订过程，主要包括企业使命、环境评价和战略抉择。第三部分（共两章）主要论述

战略执行过程中所涉及到的各种管理问题和职能部门的协同作用问题。第四部分（共

一章）阐述如何对战略进行评价和控制。第五部分（共一章）探索全球化战略问题。

全书内容极为丰富，基本涵盖了有关战略管理的主要问题，特别适宜于进行案例

教学。前言部分介绍了进行案例分析的方法和进行案例分析的有关软件附录部分提

供了38个最新案例（1995－1997年），这些案例覆盖十几个行业和不同规模、性质的公

司和组织；为使学生更好地进行分析，还特别提供了有关行业的背景资料。就这一点

来说，它具有其他同类教科书所没有的优点。该书可作为我国工商管理硕士的教材，

也可供广大管理丁作者参考。

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