葛传椝向学习英语者讲话

出版日期:2015-7-10
ISBN:9787532768791
作者:葛传椝
页数:144页

内容概要

葛传椝(1906-1992),复旦大学教授,上世纪50年代复旦大学英语语言文学系“三巨头”之一。幼时家境清贫,初中辍学后,自学英语。1921年考入上海电报传习所,翌年至崇明县立中学任教。1925年起任上海商务印书馆英语编辑,直至八一三中日淞沪战争爆发。任职其间发现很多英语单词的中文词意义相同,而英语的习惯表述却差异很大,即以6年时间编写《英语习惯用法词典》,于1942年出版,是为中国人编写的第一部英语惯用法词典。在查阅《简明牛津词典》(The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English) 时,发现其中不少错误,即致信词典主编英人福勒 (H.W. Fowler),为福勒所钦佩。之后,为中华书局、竞文书局编写英语读本。1945年起任教于上海光华大学。中华人民共和国成立后,接上级教育主管单位命令,1951年光华大学与大夏大学合并成立华东师范大学,继续在此执教至1954年,继而调往复旦大学外文系任教,直至1986年退休。1992年7月在上海逝世 。著有久负盛名的《英汉四用词典》,《新英汉词典》(主要编纂者之一),以及《英语惯用法词典》、《英语写作》,被学界誉为一代宗师、英语惯用法权威,为中国英语教育界先驱之一。

书籍目录

Contents
1. What to Read
2. Reading Aloud
3. Can You Read Englishmen’s English?
4. What kind of English?
5. The Question of Background
6. Books on English and Books in English
7. An Easy Sentence to Study
8. What Does “Would of Come” Mean?
9. “More Presently”
10. Double Negatives in Current English
11. About the Study of Grammar
12. Knowing Just Enough Grammar to Go Wrong
13. The Language Is the Main Thing
14. Logic and Usage
15. Something Unnatural
16. A Good Knowledge of Bad English
17. Reading Dictionaries
18. Make Your Own Dictionary
19. Make Another Dictionary of Your Own
20. More about What to Read
21. Reading to Learn the Art of Expression
22. Learning English Conversation by Imitaion
23. Imitation, Good and Bad
24. Tongue and Pen
25. Simply Didn’t Know
26. So Many Points
27. How to Say It
28. A “Foolish” Principle of Composition
29. An Aid to Composition
30. Some Mistakes to Consider
31. Some More Mistakes to Consider
32. Better Short Than Long
33. Something More Important Than Enlarging One’s Vocabulary
34. Make the Word Your Own
35. A Warning Regarding the Use of Words
36. The Word
37. What “Literary English” Means
汉译文

作者简介

《葛传椝向学习英语者讲话》勘误表
P8 倒数第二行“I have to mention this because…that while what is written about things… is not practical.”应为“I have to mention this because…that what is written about things Chinese is practical, while what is written …is not practical.”
P13第三段第二行“an exect science”应为“an exact science”
P26 最后一段第一句“You must not think,…are always incompetibles.”应为“You must not think,…are always incompatible.”
P33 第一段倒数第三行“Chinese learner of the language is bed enough…”应为“Chinese learner of the language is bad enough…”
P34 第二段最后一行“so the speak”应为“so to speak”
最后一段倒数第二行“Englishman or American one man has…”应为“Englishman or American one has…”
P37 第一行“Such common words and phrases can by very easily…”应为“Such common words and phrases can be very easily…”
P40 NOTES8 “slipshod 精心的;不精细的”应为“不精心的;不精细的”
P51第二段第一行“And the result will be till worse…”应为“And the result will be still worse…”
这本选集是从葛传椝先生的三本选集《葛传椝英文集(Man and Student)》、《英文刍言(A Word to the Wise)》和《英文作文教本(A Textbook of English Composition)》中选出论述学习英语的三十七篇文章编成的。每篇揭 示一个或两个问题,大都是英语语法书和英语修辞学书所不曾讲到的。内容谈到什么读物是初学者需要读的和什么是不宜读的;怎样才能读得精细;说、读和写的关系;以及拘泥语法条条,一概类推所造成的错误等问题。


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精彩书评 (总计4条)

  •     英语大师葛传椝老师专门针对中国英语学习者分享他的英语学习心得。本书共收录了他的37篇短文。通过这些短篇,我们有幸了解到英语大师的学习方法。对于不了解葛传椝的同学,大家可以百度,这里就说一个故事:葛传椝在查阅《简明牛津词典》(The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English) 时,发现其中不少错误,即致信词典主编英人福勒 (H.W. Fowler)。1933年Fowler回信称赞: … your letter is in faultless English, and, long as it is, nowhere betrays, as nearly all foreigners’ letters do by some trifling lapse in idiom, that its writer is not an Englishman. I receive many letters in English from foreigners, but do not remember ever having had occasion to say this before.(大意为:你的信用完全无误的英语写成,并且,虽然很长,没有一处透露出来你的英语非母语,大多非英语母语的外国人的信都有一些习语上的细微错误。我收到了很多外国人用英语写的信,不记得哪一次能有机会说出我跟你说的这些话。)另外,我还是想提一下葛传椝先生是自学英语!37篇短文,内容比较松散,但是核心思想就是英文表达要地道(idiomatic)。关于阅读:作者建议英语学习者要广泛地阅读英语材料从而接触各种表达方式,同时又要用心地阅读这些材料从而记住这些表达方式,两条腿走路,缺一不可。阅读时不要忘记作为英语学习者的目的是学会地道地英语表达,因此时刻要注意书里的表达方式,而书本身的内容在这里反而是次要的。你应该多读当代的,地道的,简明的英语,而且要尽可能地朗读,培养语感。关于语法:作者指出中国英语学习者太过注重英语语法和语言的逻辑,反而忽略了那些习惯用法。语言更是艺术而不是科学,没有完美的公理去遵循。判断英文表达好坏的标准不是语法,而是要看母语为英语的人常不常用。关于词汇:不要孤立地来学习单词,单词的用法比它单独的一个意义要重要的多,而用法只有在句子里,上下文中才能体现出来。大多数中国英语学习者一味图单词记忆的数量是错误的。应该去掌握最基本的常用单词,能正确地使用一个单词才能说是已经掌握它了。作者自己就曾经背诵过字典中常见词的词条。葛老花了最多的篇幅谈论英语阅读,可能作者的年代原因,语音视频材料都比较匮乏。有关听和说葛老谈得并不多。但是道理是一样的,中国的英语学习者要多关注地道的表达方式,并且多模仿地道的表达方式。
  •     ✨1. 主要读物应该是少于一百年的东西,英国人或者美国人写的,用简单的英语,最好是短篇。读现代英语散文,不要有太多言外之意和引经据典,这样可以把精力放在学习英语写作上。[杂志应该是个不错的材料。古典作品不适合用来学习英语。✨2. 应该培养朗读的习惯。3. 多读一般英语读物,并了解英语国家的历史、思想和习惯。4. 一个人不能只靠读讲到中国事物的文章来精通英语。[然而我觉得学习一些中国事物在英语中的表达也是重要的。以后读Economics话题还是一中一外好了。5. 积累一些必要的背景知识。6. 花较多时间读用英语写的书而不是论述英语的书。[刚开始学语言学概论的人表示,用英语论述英语也很有趣。✨7. 注意英语中没有相应汉语表达的表达方式,习语等等。✨8. 在良好的写作中碰到不合语法但合于习语的结构,记下来。了解英语习惯用法。中国学习者常常不把一个单词用在不容易译成汉语的词义忽视。如society作为companionship的语义.✨9. 仔细阅读和反复练习比学习语法更为重要。✨10. 读英语读物时,应该把语言看做最主要的东西。时常为学习表达的艺术而阅读。积累表达方式可以改进写作。每天记一两段文字就更好。[学术狗表示也要get information.11. 了解坏英语的知识。没有它一个人会错过文学中的很多东西。12. 阅读词典常用词条。✨13. 编写自己的惯用法词典和题目词典(与一个词相关的所有表达、短语、句子)14. 用模仿学习英语会话。✨15. 自己认为太容易理解而不值得牢记的词、短语、句子要记入心中。16. 句子的好坏不由长短决定, 尤其警惕长句。✨17. 比扩大词汇量更重要的事情时了解普通次的各种意义,合乎习语的用法, 做到真正懂一个词。不要认为每一个你认为理解的词都是你自己的。✨18. 别用任何你不确定看到标准作家使用过的词,有疑问查词典。19. 一个人只能靠着阅读合乎习语的英语而进步,这是多少词的研究都无法代替的。总结:广泛而仔细地阅读,从中学习正规的表达。任重而道远,立个flag.
  •     本书是文章选编,内容较散乱。以下是我的笔记,按照自己理解的做了些整理。然挂一漏万,营养远不及原文。诸君若感兴趣,需详读原文。Hints for learners of EnglishSection one: Reading1.What to read? Your chief reading matter must have been written far less a hundred years ago, must have been written in simple English by an Englishman or an America.A book on English is one that deals with the English language; a book in English is one that is written in the English language. It should be noted that language is not an exact science, nor a mere matter of principles, rules, exceptions, definitions, formulas, and diagrams. Please devote more time to reading books in English and less time to reading books on English.Do not spend much time on reading English about Chinese subjects.2.How to read?Read aloud to realize the music and beautiful of such language. Focus on the language instead of the story. Do care to study the use of words and phrases in it, if you are a learner of English rather than the general reader. Reading to learn the art of expression.Do take notes and pay special attention to those ways of expression for which you do not find corresponding ways in Han. Also take notes those seems not grammatical correct to you, and to see if you will meet with a similar one in your reading. Then, you will most likely understand the construction. As English is not a perfectly logical language, make a record on the expression which is illogical but is natural and idiomatic today. A group of simple words you do not understand, take notes of it, you may understand it later.3.The question of background knowledge Background knowledge of the English mind, the English character, the English traditional, the English life and so forth, will help understand Englishmen’s English. The subject is a very large one, including history, geography, mythology, the Bible, sports, characters and facts in fiction, games and customs, that quite natural to those born to the language and brought up on it. Section two: Different Kinds of English4.What kind of English? There are English English, American English, Scotch English. There are business English vulgar English as well. Advanced learners of English ought to such details and at least know English used by the average educated Englishmen or American.5.Spoken English is not quite different from ordinary written English. The pen cannot go wrong where the tongue goes right. Having a teacher to correct you whenever you makes a mistake in writing or speaking is a very good method.6.A good knowledge of bad English. Bad English is English used by native speakers who do not use good English, often found in modern fiction and drama and in the writing and speech of uneducated English-speaking persons, which is quite different from your bad English in the Chinese way.Section three: Words7.Reading dictionaries. Some common words and phrases is very common to English-speaking children but is not likely to be acquired by Chinese learners. Therefore, reading articles on common words in dictionaries is a great aid.8.Knowing a wordKnowing a word means knowing its true sense or senses instead of merely knowing one or more of what we call its Han equivalents, this is more important than enlarging one’s vocabulary. Remember that not every word that you think you understand well is really your own. And do not invent words, if you are not sure, consult the dictionary. In writing, it is quite hard to find the exact word, therefore, the study of synonyms is very helpful. Pay attention to the illustrative examples of your dictionary. Make your own dictionary, for example, a topic dictionary. Section four: Sentence9.Grammar.Do not look on the study of grammar as all or nearly all that you have to do in order to master English. Careful reading and constant practice are far more important. Without reading enough material, what we know about grammar is just enough for us to go wrong.10.Ungrammatical expressions are worth knowingYou out to learn to use English correctly. But you ought as well to learn to understand the incorrect expressions that are common among Englishmen and Americans. 11.Double negatives in current English is not the same as in Elizabethan literature. Do not use such unreasonable construction, and talk and write like an educated person.12.Many small pointsThose tiny points show whether one is really at home in English or not. Advanced learners should pay close attention to this, reading aloud is a good help.13.How to say itYou cannot invent the way to say something, you should read widely enough and carefully enough and memorize enough words, phrases and sentences. A foolish but useful principle of composition is that do not use anything you have not seen in your reading. If there is not Han equivalent, just remember such construction. Learning English conversation by imitation. Learning by imitating consciously.14.A sentence is not good or bad merely because it is long or short.

精彩短评 (总计50条)

  •     葛老的教学法比现在很多老师都要先进勒~
  •     2016.17- 心得体会集,改为标记新版。
  •     没有仔细看序,还以为是本新写的书,因为当中的学习方法非常实用,后来细看才知本书是作者从自己1937年、1939年和1941年的三本书中选出的37篇文章,对中国人应该怎么学习英语进行回答,这么多年过去了,这些方法依然非常适用,相见恨晚
  •     很有启发。
  •     worth reading
  •     应用起来就是赖世雄的方法,少就是多,慢就是快。
  •     用处不大
  •     英语学习方法论
  •     葛先生的建议:要读英文,就读当代英文,而且要出声读,大声朗读可以避免尴尬,而且避免没有英语学习环境的困境。先生认为,凡我们想要表达的话,别人都已经说过,所以我们在写作时,首先要避免自己根据所谓的语法写,而要根据惯用法写。要写好,写对只有读得多,读得仔细,认真模仿才行。其次先生建议可以编写属于自己的字典。一类是词的用法的字典,便于充分认识单词,把原本是别的字典的词变为真正是自己的词,再者可以编写以主题分类的字典,编字典时不需要逐字逐句摘抄,可以以索引加提示的方式来编写。
  •     经典!
  •     学英语之前最好先读一下这本书。
  •     有些劝告对学习汉语也适用。
  •     内容不多,深入浅出,不可生搬硬套。
  •     20160826先读了中文部分,很中肯,最近学英语学蒙逼了,好想找个人帮忙梳理一下啊
  •     和其它书有部分重复
  •     大道至简,最朴素的方法就是最好的方法,重点还是在于自身实践。另外葛老的一些方法毕竟形成于那个年代,我们在实践中可以加以改进,或根据自身特点借鉴形成自身方法。
  •     忘带钥匙蹲方所看了这本奇书,非常认同葛大的看法,自己误打误撞也对上很多号。也唏嘘几十年前就提出了这么一针见血的见解如今依然一片混乱
  •     都是套路啊,巨头就是巨头。
  •     感觉以前都没有在真正学习英语 受用受用
  •     改造我们的学习!
  •     通篇强调学外语就要学 Idiomatic English
  •     散装 有那么一丝丝的out of touch
  •     一本讲述方法论的书,但其中注释还会讲解细节和解释惯用语。真是用言行告诉我们不要放过任何一个学习英语的机会。
  •     常读常新,茅塞顿开。
  •     不错的方法论书籍,语言偏误分析中肯,给出的建议符合英语学习者的实际需求,英文版的附注也体现了其“以语言学习为目的的阅读”这一思想。略单薄,重在读者如何实践运用
  •     看过很多学习方法,只有这一本告诉我如何选择阅读的书籍,以及通过这种方法可以达到什么程度:选择日常读物,而非大部头;达到阅读新闻和写写短信的程度。只涉及读写
  •     适合仔细阅读
  •     每天读一篇,生怕读得太快,写的很平实,纠正了我们很多关于英语学习的无趣~接下来要好好认真研读葛老的《英语写作》了。入手很多年,一直没有认真看,惭愧~
  •     性价比不高,小短文汇编后售价太高。看看网络版就行,比其他基本实用性低太多。
  •     精装、一篇篇短文组成、都是你关心的话题、浅显易懂,用最合适和简单的词汇表达丰富的意思。
  •     精练简洁的英语学习指导和误区排除方法论。
  •     【2017#7】先向葛传椝老先生深鞠一躬,作为50年代的英语三巨头之一,我相信很多人家里还留有您的《英汉字典》,前段时间看许渊冲在朗读者上讲莎士比亚与翻译时的那个精神头,作为90后的我依旧感触良多…你们作为新中国文化开创者身上有我们学不尽的精神! 先来谈谈我的收获: 【读】精读近代的母语编译者的读物,特别注意一些惯用手法,理解却有解释不清楚的意思请牢记,大量的读是一切的基础 【词汇】记用法和语境比寄单词本书要重要 【写作】只尝试自己看见过会用的句子,不要创作,写作提高最快的方法是读大量文章 【口语】模仿和收集一些正确简单,合于习语又容易明白的资料 最后学英语是一个长期的过程! 但,说实话还是有一些我觉得刻板生硬的地方的,葛老的语言过于文学系不好读;学习方式过于传统单一!
  •     满满的干货,比知乎那些高到不知哪里去。快速看完本书,虽然在知道自己have completely bad knowledge of English时有点小伤心(做阅读题目得心应手便自以为英语还可以),但更加让我坚定地踏踏实实地用功学习英语,做学问来不得半点虚假。崇拜葛老。
  •     扣一星是对本书的编辑一言难尽。
  •     把话说明白最高
  •     薄薄的一本。葛先生的行文用詞都不艱深,能把複雜的事情用簡練的語言道來,道理和方法都很實用。
  •     向葛先生致敬!葛先生自学英语如此厉害,佩服佩服!书中很多内容的确仍需静下心来好好琢磨实践。
  •     在英文中沉浮这么多年,再看这本书,有醍醐灌顶的效果,推荐给每一个没有英文环境的英文学习者。
  •     包装不错,值得收藏的一本书。
  •     Carefully read general English literature; read purely idiomatic English and get familiar with the backgrounds; read more in English other than on English; read aloud; understand the common usage and note down the construction in good writing; read dictionaries; study the synonyms and the correct use of common words; speak and think in English.
  •     不提书里的内容,这排版跟纸质,完全就是教人爱上读英文啊! 讨厌英语的人,可以买来一试,对阅读瞬间迷恋起来呐!专为没耐心且未入门的人定制,更像是一种引导。 这书不是教学,是培养兴趣和习惯的昂~ 这篇幅真是讨人欢喜,忍不住一篇一篇翻下去做笔记,跟考卷上的教材里的那些,天壤之别。 英语跟英语之间,也是不同的呢。 但如果本身基础好,已得要领,就可以不必买啦。
  •     其实道理都懂~
  •     作者好像很喜欢so to speak这个表达方式
  •     深入浅出
  •     英语学习方法论,很适合英语自学者,读来很受用。另外封面设计和装帧也很用心啊,霸气侧漏的感觉。
  •     好书,英语学习指点迷津宝书!
  •     醍醐灌顶。好多观点现在都不过时,甚至是纠正了现在一些错误的观念。
  •     葛传槼先生的三十七篇文章,文短而词丰,言简而意赅。虽为数十年前的文字,却直陈国人英语学习的痛脚,至今仍不过时,此般远见卓识,难怪文冤阁大学士作序不亦乐乎了。
  •     葛老写得很简单 面向的读者群我觉得甚至可以是初中生(英语版)同样 提出的问题也很深刻 例如 别人都问的是 do you speak English 不是 do you wirte English 这个简单的问题 提出的很深刻
  •     You should use no construction, no form of expression, and no combination of words, that you have not seen in your reading.
 

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