西方哲学史

出版社:北京大学出版社
出版日期:2006-7
ISBN:9787301108079
作者:Samuel Enoch Stumpf,James Fieser
页数:556页

内容概要

Samuel Enoch Stumpf,毕业于芝加哥大学,获博士学位,哈佛大学福特基金和牛津大学洛克菲勒基金资助学者,曾担任梵德贝特大学(Vanderbilt University)哲学系系主任十五年之久,后一直在该大学教授法哲学和医疗哲学。Stumpf教授在哲学领域涉猎广泛,也是哲学界活跃的组织者。Stumpf教授于1998年去世。
James Fieser,毕业于普度大学(Purdue University),获博士学位。田纳西大学哲学系副教授。著有《各时期的道德哲学》(Moral Philosophy through the Ages,2001),《哲学史导论》(A Historical Introduction to Philosophy,2002,与诺曼·雷利加德合著),此外他还编辑了多卷本的伦理学、英国哲学、宗教学著作,等等。他还创建了“互联网哲学百科全书”(Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)。

书籍目录

Preface 1Part OneANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHYChaper I Socrates Predecessors 5What Is Permanent in Existence? 7Thales 7Anaximander 8Anaximenes 10The Mathematical Basis of All Things 11Pythagoras 11Attempts to Explain Change 15Heraclitus 15Parmenides 18Zeno 19Empedocles 22Anaxagoras 24The Atomists 25Atoms and the Void 26Theory of Knowledge and Ethics 28Chapter 2 The Sophists and Socrates 29The Sophists 31Protagoras 32Gorgias 33Thrasymachus 34Socrates 34Socrates Life 35Socrates as a Philosopher 37Socrates Theory of Knowledge: Intellectual Midwifery 39Socrates Moral Thought 42Socrates Trial and Death 43Chapter 3 Plato 46Platos Life 46Theory of Knowledge 49The Cave 49The Divided Line 51Theory of Forms 55Moral Philosophy 59The Concept of the Soul 59The Cause of Evil: Ignorance or Forgetfulness 61Recovering Lost Morality 62Virtue as Fulfillment of Function 63Political Philosophy 64The State as a Giant Person 65The Philosopher-King 66The Virtues in the State 67The Decline of the Ideal State 69View of the Cosmos 71Chapter 4 Aristotle 75Aristotles Life 75Logic 78The Categories and the Starting Point of Reasoning 78The Syllogism 79Metaphysics 81The Problem of Metaphysics Defined 81Substance as the Primary Essence of Things 82Matter and Form 83The Process of Change: The Four Causes 84Potentiality and Actuality 85The Unmoved Mover 86The Place of Humans: Physics, Biology, and Psychology 87Physics 87Biology 88Psychology 88Ethics 90Types of "Ends" 90The Function of Human Beings 91Happiness as the End 92Virtue as the Golden Mean 93Deliberation and Choice 94Contemplation 94Politics 95Types of States 96Differences and Inequalities 96Good Government and Revolution 97Philosophy of Art 98Part TwoHELLENISTIC AND MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYChapter 5 Classical Philosophy after Aristotle 103Epicureanism 104Physics and Ethics 105God and Death 106The Pleasure Principle 106Individual Pleasure versus Social Duty 108Stoicism 108Wisdom and Control versus Pleasure 108Stoic Theory of Knowledge 110Matter as the Basis of All Reality 111Good in Everything 111Fate and Providence 112Human Nature 112Ethics and the Human Drama 112The Problem of Freedom 113Cosmopolitanism and Justice 114Skepticism 114The Senses Are Deceptive 117More Rules Raise Doubts 117Morality Possible without Intellectual Certainty 118Plotinus 119God as the One 120The Metaphor of Emanation 121Salvation 124Chapter 6 Augustine 125Augustines Life 125Human Knowledge 128Overcoming Skepticism 128Knowledge and Sensation 128The Theory of Illumination 131God 132The Created World 134Creation from Nothing 134The Seminal Principles 135Moral Philosophy 135The Role of Love 136Free Will as the Cause of Evil 138Justice 139The History and the Two Cities 140History 140Chapter 7 Philosophy in the Early Middle Ages 142Boethius 142The Consolation of Philosophy 144The Problem of Universals 144Pseudo-Dionysius 146John Scotus Erigena 148The Division of Nature 148New Solutions to the Problem of Universals 150Odo and Guillaume: Exaggerated Realism 150Roscellinus: Nominalism 151Abelard: Conceptualism or Moderate Realism 152Anselm s Ontological Argument 153Anselms Realism 153Ontological Argument 155Gaunilons Rebuttal 156Anselms Reply to Gaunilon 156Faith and Reason in Muslim and Jewish Thought 156Avicenna 157Averro6s 159Moses Maimonides 160Chapter 8 Aquinas and his Late Medieval Successors 163Aquinass Life 164Bonaventura and the University of Paris 166Philosophy and Theology 167Faith and Reason 168Proofs of Gods Existence 169Proofs from Motion, Efficient Cause, and Necessary Being 169Proofs from Perfection and Order 170Assessment of the Proofs 171Knowledge of Gods Nature 171The Negative Way (Via Negativa) 172Knowledge by Analogy 172Creation 173Is the Created Order Eternal? 173Creation out of Nothing 174Is This the Best Possible World? 174Evil as Privation 174The Range of Created Being: The Chain of Being 175Morality and Natural Law 176Natural Law 177The State 180Human Nature and Knowledge 182Human Nature 182Knowledge 182Scotus, Ockham, and Eckhart 183Voluntarism 183Nominalism 184Mysticism 186Part ThreeEARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHYChapter 9 Philosophy during the Renaissance 191The Closing of the Middle Ages 191Humanism and the Italian Renaissance 193Pico 193Machiavelli 194The Reformation 196Luther 196Erasmus 198Skepticism and Faith 200Montaigne 200Pascal 203The Scientific Revolution 204New Discoveries and New Methods 205Modem Atomism 206Francis Bacon 208Distempers of Learning 209Idols of the Mind 210Inductive Method 211Thomas Hobbes 212Influence of Geometry upon Hobbess Thought 212Bodies in Motion: The Object of Thought 213Mechanical View of Human Thought 215Political Philosophy and Morality 216The State of Nature 217Obligation in the State of Nature 218The Social Contract 219Civil Law versus Natural Law 220Chapter 10 Rationalism on the Continent 222Descartes 223Life 223Descartes Method 226Methodic Doubt 229The Existence of God and External Things 230Mind and Body 232Spinoza 234Method 234God: Substance and Attribute 236The World as Modes of Gods Attributes 237Knowledge, Mind, and Body 238Ethics 240Leibniz 241Substance 242Gods Existence 244Knowledge and Nature 246Chapter 11 Empiricism in Britain 250Locke 251Lockes Theory of Knowledge 252Lockes Moral and Political Theory 257Berkeley 260Hume 267Humes Theory of Knowledge 268What Exists External to Us? 271Ethics 273Part FourLATE MODERN AND 19TM CENTURY PHILOSOPHYChapter 12 Kant 281The Shaping of Kants Problem 282Kants Critical Philosophy and His Copernican Revolution 284The Way of Critical Philosophy 284The Nature of a priori Knowledge 285The Synthetic A Priori 286Kants Copernican Revolution 288The Structure of Rational Thought 289The Categories of Thought and the Forms of Intuition 289The Self and the Unity of Experience 290Phenomenal and Noumenal Reality 291Transcendental Ideas of Pure Reason as Regulative Concepts 291The Antinomies and the Limits of Reason 292Proofs of Gods Existence 294Practical Reason 295The Basis of Moral Knowledge 296Morality and Rationality 297"Good" Defined as the Good Will 297The Categorical Imperative 298The Moral Postulates 300Aesthetics: The Beautiful 301The Beautiful as Independent Pleasant Satisfaction 302The Beautiful as an Object of Universal Delight 303Finality versus Purpose in the Beautiful Object 303Necessity, Common Sense, and the Beautiful 304Chapter13 German Idealism 306Kants Impact on German Thought 306Hegel 308Life 308Absolute Mind 310The Nature of Reality 311Ethics and Politics 316Absolute Spirit 320Schopenhauer 321Schopenhauers Life 321The Principle of Sufficient Reason 324The World as Will and Idea 326The Grotmd of Pessimism 328Is There Any Escape from the "Will"? 330Chapter 14 Utilitarianism and Positivism 332Bentham 332Benthams Life 334The Principle of Utility 335Law and Punishment 337Benthams Radicalism 339John Stuart Mill 340Mills Version of Utilitarianism 342Liberty 346Comte 347Comtes Life and Times 347Positivism Defined 350The Law of the Three Stages 351Comtes Sociology and "Religion of Humanity" 352Chapter 15 Kierkegaard, Marx, and Nietzsche  356Kierkegaard 357Human Existence 358Truth as Subjectivity 359The Aesthetic Stage 360The Ethical Stage 361The Religious Stage 362Marx 363Marxs Life and Influences 364The Epochs of History: Marxs Dialectic 367The Substructure: The Material Order 371The Alienation of Labor 374The Superstructure: The Origin and Role of Ideas 376Nietzsche 378Nietzsches Life 378"God is Dead" 380The Apolonian versus Dionysian 381Master Morality versus Slave Morality 383The Will to Power 385Revaluation of All Morals 386The Superperson 387Part Five20TH CENTURY AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHYChapter 16 Pragmatism and Process Philosophy 393Pragmatism 393Peirce 394A Theory of Meaning 395The Role of Belief 395The Elements of Method 396James 397Pragmatism as a Method 398The Pragmatic Theory of Truth 398Free Will 400The Will to Believe 401Dewey 403The Spectator versus Experience 403Habit, Intelligence, and Learning 405Value in a World of Fact 406Process Philosophy 407Bergson 408Going Around versus Entering Into 409The Scientific Way of Analysis 411The Metaphysical Way of Intuition 412The Process of Duration 413Evolution and the Vital Impulse 414Morality and Religion 415Whitehead 416The Error of Simple Location 417Self-Consciousness 418Prehension 419Eternal Objects 420Chapter 17 Analytic Philosophy 422Bertrand Russell 423Logical Atomism 424Problems with Logical Atomism 426Logical Positivism 426The Principle of Verification 427Rudolph Carnap 428Problems with Logical Positivism 432Quines Critique of Empiricism 433Ludwig Wittgenstein 434Wittgensteins Road to Philosophy 434The New Wittgenstein 437Language Games and Following Rules 438Clarifying Metaphysical Language 439John Austin 440The Notion of "Excuses" 441The Benefits of Ordinary Language 442Chapter 18 Phenomenology and Existentialism 445Edmund Husserl 445Hussefls Life and Influence 445The Crisis of European Science 447Descartes and Intentionality 449Phenomena and Phenomenological Bracketting 451The Life-World 452Martin Heidegger 453Heideggers Life 453Dasein as Being-in-the-World 454Dasein as Concern 455Religious Existentialism 456Karl Jaspers 456Gabriel Marcel 458Jean-Paul Sartre 459Sartres Life 459Existence Precedes Essence 462Freedom and Responsibility 464Nothingness and Bad Faith 465Human Consciousness 466Marxism and Freedom Revisited 468Maurice Merleau-Ponty 469Merleau-Pontys Life 469The Primacy of Perception 471The Relativity of Knowledge 472Perception and Politics 473Chapter19 Recent Philosophy 475The Mind-Body Problem 476Ryle and the Gl~ost in the Machine 476Identity Theory and Functionalism 480Searle and the Chinese Room Argument 481Rorty 483Influence of Pragmatism 485The Contingency of Language 486The Contingency of Selfhood 487The Contingency of Community 489Virtue Theory Revisited 490Elizabeth Anscombe 490Nel Noddings 492Continental Philosophy 494Structuralism 494Post-Structuralism 496Postmodemism 497Glossary G-1A Selected Bibliography B-1Index I-1

编辑推荐

  《西方哲学史:从苏格拉底到萨特及其后》哲学史在很多方而就像史诗式的小说。可敬的先哲们为增慧后学,经过痛苦的思想砥砺,缔造了哲学传统。

作者简介

哲学史在很多方面就像史诗式的小说。可敬的先哲们位增慧后学,经过痛苦的思想砥砺,缔造了哲学传统。
在这巨大的哲学家族中总会有一些“不安分子”(blacksheep)频生事端、搅动倪墙,甚至触怒当政者。哲学流派之间也经常针锋相对、势同水火,但却从未真正分出胜负。这些对峙随着传奇一起代际相传,表现为一种发展的进程。旧论弃如敝屣,新调登堂入室,尽管有时候只是风行一时而已。
因此,正像一个大哲所说的,哲学史势观念的历险,这本书就是试图勾勒出这出大戏的线索。

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精彩书评 (总计3条)

  •     几乎每个人都跟我提罗素的西方哲学史,可是稍稍有点哲学基本功的人都应该能看出来老罗的home bias有多么深重。我也不认为应该把中文译作通过过后再去读原版。没有道理嘛!要读就读原版!此书行文清朗严谨,内容翔实,内部逻辑连贯~建议学哲学的同志们从一开始就坚持看原著,而且罗素的书留在自己有一点批判力时再看。
  •     没看过翻译的,从图书馆借来这本影印的,刚读了一半,越读越有意思。挺好的一本书,简洁、明白、清楚。个人觉得仅就内容完备而言此书略胜于罗素的西哲史。本书在我看来有点小缺憾就是引文都没有注明出处,也许教科书对此要求不是很严格吧。
  •     读完中文的哲学相关书,当然读这个英文版的比较好,毕竟有些哲学概念勉强翻译成中文也是很不贴切的。早先只有南方某大学偷偷以内部资料的名义翻印,现在北大来搞正版的了。虽然是贵了点(相对于翻印的来说,其实比市面上大多数的书有价值多了),怎么说这本书在中国也因此而比以前更普及了。想把它作为自己闲暇读物的同学估计会失望,因为它没有罗素的那些通俗作品来得浅显生动。在没有用中文了解西方哲学之前,请勿接触,以免自找没趣。

精彩短评 (总计26条)

  •     不如罗素的。
  •     资料
  •     反正能看英文版的,都尽量看英文版,国内的翻译简直看到让人不断怀疑自己的理解力。
  •     good...
  •     第一本哲学原版书,可能也是最后一本 相比于黑格尔、罗素、梯利等的哲学史,这本更好 其实肯尼的牛津哲学史也不错,可惜翻译太烂
  •     柏格森部分阅读
  •     通俗易懂。
  •     此书适合六级和考研水平学英语,我当单词书看的~
  •     费了很大的气力才看完,很值得
  •     用来学专业外语
  •     用于练习英语。内容需要自己梳理
  •     可读性强~
  •     2008年3月
  •     学英语不错。
  •     这书被人偷了= =还买不回来T T啊啊啊啊!!
  •     买回来之后翻了翻写了论文就束之高阁了。但是得承认是好书
  •     但忘记差不多了
  •     接下来再看一遍罗素的来对比
  •     必须给五星。看着太累了。
  •     当初用来练英文阅读,最后养成了一种单词语法都懂但是就是他妈不明白句子意思的直觉。
  •     准备GRE写作之前狂读,陈虎平跟我推荐的当时
  •     读第2遍
  •     较贴切,但不生动
  •     看了眼书评,噗,幸亏我看的是原版……
  •     很久以前通读过英文版的。读这个的主要原因是它比罗素的那个薄。好像当时没有beyond,到萨特就结束了。
  •     最后一分钟就靠它了!救我一命,感激不尽!
 

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