出版社:高等教育出版社
出版日期:2011-2-1
ISBN:9787040317268
作者:Mark F. Bear,Barry W. Connors,Michael A. Paradiso
页数:857页
章节摘录
版权页: 插图: are electrically charged particles. Consider the situation in Figure 3.9, where wires from the two terminals of a battery are placed in a solution containing dissolved NaCl. Remember, opposite charges attract and like charges repel. Consequently, there will be a net movement of Na+ toward the negative terminal (the cathode) and of Cl- toward the positive terminal (the anode). The movement of electrical charge is called electrical current, represented by the symbol I and measured in units called amperes (amps). According to the convention established by Benjamin Franklin, current is defined as being positive in the direction of positive-charge movement. In this example, therefore, positive current flows in the direction of Na+ovement,from the anode to the cathode. Two important factors determine how much current will flow: electrical potential and electrical conductance. Electrical potential, also called voltage, is the force exerted on a charged particle, and it reflects the difference in charge between the anode and the cathode. More current will flow as this difference is increased. Voltage is represented by the symbol V and is measured in units called volts. As an example, the difference in electrical potential between the terminals of a car battery is 12 volts; that is, the electrical potential at one terminal is 12 volts more positive than that at the other. Electrical conductance is the relative ability of an electrical charge to migrate from one point to another. It is represented by the symbolg and measured in units called siemens (S). Conductance depends on the number of particles available to carry electrical charge and the ease with which these particles can travel through space. A term that expresses the same property in a different way is electrical resistance, the relative inability of an electrical charge to migrate. It is represented by the symbol R and measured in units called ohms (Ω). Resistance is simply the inverse of conductance (i.e., R = l/g). There is a simple relationship between potential (V), conductance (g),and the amount of current (I) that will flow. This relationship, known as Ohm's law, may be written I = gV: Current is the product of the conductance and the potential difference. Notice that if the conductance is zero, no current will flow even when the potential difference is very large. Likewise, when the potential difference is zero, no current will flow even when the conductance is very large. Consider the situation illustrated in Figure 3.10a, in which NaCl has been dissolved in equal concentrations on either side of a phospholipid bilayer. If we drop wires from the two terminals of a battery into the solution on either side, we will generate a large potential difference across this membrane. No current will flow, however, because there are no channels to allow migration of Na+ and Cl- across the membrane; the conductance of the membrane is zero. Driving an ion across the membrane electrically, therefore, requires that (1) the membrane possesses channels permeable to thation, and (2) there is an electrical potential difference across the membrane (Figure 3.10b).
内容概要
作者:(美国)贝尔(Mark F.Bear) (美国)柯勒斯(Barry W.Connors) (美国)帕罗蒂斯(Michael A.Paradiso)
书籍目录
Preface
User's Guide
Acknowledgments
Path of Discovery Authors
Part 1 Foundations
Chapter 1 Neuroscience: Past, Present, and Future 3
Chapter 2 Neurons and Glia 23
Chapter 3 The Neuronal Membrane at Rest 51
Chapter 4 The Action Potential 75
Chapter 5 Synaptic Transmission 101
Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems 133
Chapter 7 The Structure of the Nervous System 167
Appendix: An Illustrated Guide to Human Neuroanatomy 205
Part 2 Sensory and Motor Systems 249
Chapter 8 The Chemical Senses 251
Chapter 9 The Eye 277
Chapter 10 The Central Visual System 309
Chapter 11 The Auditory and Vestibular Systems 343
Chapter 12 The Somatic Sensory System 387
Chapter 13 Spinal Control of Movement 423
Chapter 14 Brain Control of Movement 451
Part 3 The Brain and Behavior 479
Chapter 15 Chemical Control of the Brain and Behavior 481
Chapter 16 Motivation 509
Chapter 17 Sex and the Brain 533
Chapter 18 Brain Mechanisms of Emotion 563
Chapter 19 Brain Rhythms and Sleep 585
Chapter 20 Language 617
Chapter 21 Attention 643
Chapter 22 Mental Illness 661
Part 4 The Changing Brain 687
Chapter 23 Wiring the Brain 689
Chapter 24 Memory Systems 725
Chapter 25 Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory 761
Glossary 795
References and Resources 817
Index 837
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《教育部高等教育司推荐国内外优秀生命科学教学用书•神经科学:探索脑(第3版)(影印版)》由高等教育出版社出版。
作者简介
《教育部高等教育司推荐国内外优秀生命科学教学用书•神经科学:探索脑(第3版)(影印版)》分为Foundations、Sensory and Motor Systems、The Brain and Behavior、The Changing Brain四部分。Neuroscience: Past, Present, and Future、The Neuronal Membrane at Rest、The Structure of the Nervous System等内容。教育部高等教育司推荐,国外优秀生命科学教学用书。《教育部高等教育司推荐国内外优秀生命科学教学用书•神经科学:探索脑(第3版)(影印版)》突出实用性、及时性与系统性。