基础英语语法 第2版 （附中文注释）

书籍目录

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 1 PRESENT TIME

1-1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

1-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND THE PRESENT

PROGRESSIVE

1-3 SPELLING: FINAL -S vs. -ES.

1-4 NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS

1-5 SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: SHORT

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

Chapter2 PASTTIME

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST

2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB

2-4 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

2-5 SPELLING OF -ING AND -ED FORMS

2-6 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

2-7 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

2-8 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES

2-9 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO

2-10 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: IN, AT, AND ON

Chaptor3 FUTURETIME

3-1 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME: BE GOING 20 AND WILL

3-2 FORMSWTTHWILL..

3-3 USING PROBABLYWITHWILL

3-4 BE GOING 10 vs. WILL

3-5 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME IN TIME CLAUSES AND

IP-CLAVSES

3-6 PARALLELVERBS

3-7 USINGTHEPRESENTPROGRESSIVETOEXPRESS

FUTURETIME

3-8 USINO. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TO EXPRESS FUTURE TIME

3-9 PRESENT PLANS FOR FUTURE ACTIVmES: USING INTEND

PLAH, HOPE

3-10 IMMEDIATE FUTURE: USING BEABOUT 10

Choptor4 NOUNSANDPRONOUNS

4-1 PLURALFORMSOFNOUNS

4-2 SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND OBJECTS

4-3 OBJECTSOFPREPOSmONS

4-4 USINGADJECTIVESTODBSCMBENOUNS

4-5 USINGNOUNSASADJECTIVES

4-6 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS

4-7 POSSESSIVE NOUNS

4-8 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

4-9 A FRIEND OF + POSSESSIVE

4-10 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

4-11 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHBR: ANOTHER vs. THE OTHER

4-12 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) vt.TSE OTHER(S)

4-13 SUMMARYOFFORMSOFOTHB

4-14 CAPnALIZATION

Chapfr5 MODAL AUXIUARIES

5-1 THE FORM-OF MODAL AUXILIARIES

5-2 EXPRESSING ABILITY: CAN AND COULD

5-3 EXPRESSINGPOSSlBILITY:MAYANDJWGHT

EXPRESSING PERMISSION: MAYAND CAN

5-4 USING COULD TO EXPRESS POSSIBILITY

5-5 ASKING FOR PERMISSION: MAYI, COULD l, CAN l

5-6 ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE: WOULD YOU, COULD YOU,

WILLYOU.CANYOU

5-7 EXPRESSING ADVICE: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER

5-8 EXPRESSING NECESSITY: HAVE T0, HAVS GOT TO, MUST

5-9 EXPRESSING LACK OF NECESSITY: DO NOTHAVE TQ

EXPRESSING PRQHIBITION: MUSTNOT

5-10 MAKING LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS: MUST

5-11 GIVING INSTRUCTIONS: IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

5-12 MAKING SUGGESTIONS: LETS AND WHYDON'T

5-13 STATING PREFERENCES: PREFER, LIKE. . . BETTER,

WOULDRATHER

Chapter 6 ASKING QUESTIONS

6-1 YESTNO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS

6-2 YES/NO QUESTIONS AND INFORMATION QUESTIONS

6-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND WHAT

6-4 USING WHAT + A FORM OF DO

6-5 USINGWHATKINDOF

6-6 USING WHICH

6-7 USING WHOSE

6-8 USINGHOW

6-9 USING HOW OFTEN

6-10 USINGHOWFAR

6-11 EXPRESSING LENGTH OF TIME: IT + TAKE

6-12 USING HOWLONG

6-13 MORE QUESTIONS WITH HOW

6-14 USINGHOWABOUTANDWHATABOUT

6-15 TAGQUESTIONS

Chapfor7 THEPRESENTPERFECTANDTHEPASTPERFECT

7-1 THEPASTPARTICIPLE

7-2 FORMS OF THB PRESENT PERFECT

7-3 MBANINGSOFTHEPRESENTPERFECT

7-4 USINGTHESIMPLEPASTvs.THEPRESENTPERFECT

7-5 USING SINCE AND FOR

7-6 THEPRESENTPERFECTPROGRESSIVE

7-7 THE PRESENT PERFECT vs. THE PRESENT PERFECT

PROGRESSIVE

7-8 MIDSENTENCE ADVERBS

7-9 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, ANYMORE

7-10 USINGTHEPASTPERFECT

Chapto 8 COUNT / NONCOUNT NOUNS AND ARNCLES

8-1 COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS

8-2 NONCOUNTNOUNS

8-3 MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS

8-4 NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNT OR NONCOUNT

8-5 USINGUNITSOFMEASUREWITHNONCOUNTNOUNS

8-6 GUIDELINES FOR ARTICLE USAGE

8-7 USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY AS PRONOUNS

8-8 NONSPECIFIC OBJECT PRONOUNS: SOME, ANY, AND ONE

Chaptor9 CONNECTING IDEAS

9-1 CONNECTINGIDEASWITHAND

9-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR

9-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO

9-4 USINGAUXILIARYVERBSAPTERBUTANDAND

9-5 USING AND + 700,50, EITHER, NEITHER

9-6 CONNECTINGIDEASWITHBECAUSE

9-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOVGHIALTHOVGH

9-8 PHRASALVERBS(SEPARABLE)

9-9 PHRASAL VERBS (NONSEPRABLE)

Chaptor1O GERUNDS AND INFINmVES

10-1 GERUNDS AND INFINmVES: INTRODUCTION

10-2 VERB+GERUND

10-3 GO + ING

10-4 VERB + INFINmVE

10-5 VERB + GERUND OR INFINmVE

10-6 UNCOMPLETED INFINmVES

10-7 PREPOSmON + GERUND

10-8 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING

ISDONE

10-9 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS: USING IT + INFINITIVE

10-10 IT + INFINITIVE: USING POR (SOMEONE)

10-11 INFINTnVE OF PURPOSE: USING M ORDER TO

10-12 USINGINFINrnVESWITHTOOANDENOUGH

10-13 MORE PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE)

Chopter 11 PASSIVE SENTENCES

11-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

11-2 TENSE FORMS OF PASSIVE VERBS

11-3 TRANSmVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

11-4 USING THE "BY-PHRASE"

11-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND

PASTPROGRESSIVE

11-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES

11-7 SUMMARY: PASSIVE VERB FORMS

11-8 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES

(STXnVE PASSIVE)

11-9 PARTICIPIAL ADJECITVES: -SD vs. -ING

11-10 GBT + ADJECTIVE; GST + PAST KARTICIPLE

11-11 USING BE VSEDIACCUSTOMED To AND GET VSEDI

ACCUSTOMEDTO

11-12 USWG BE SUPPOSED TO

Chapter12 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION

12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

12-3 USING WHO, WHOM, AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

12-6 USING PREPOSmONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

12-7 USINGWHOSEINADJECTIVECLAUSES

12-8 MORE PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE)

12-9 MORE PHRASAL VERBS (NONSEPARABLE)

Chapterl13 COMPARISONS

13-1 MAKINGCOMPARISONSWITHAS AS

13-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

13-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

13-4 USING COMPARATIVES

13-5 USINGMOREWITHNOUNS

13-6 REPEATING A COMPARATIVE

13-7 USING DOUBLE COMPARATIVES

13-8 USING SUPERLATIVES

13-9 USING THE SAME, SIMILAR, DIFFERENT, LIKE, ALIKE

Chopfor14 NOUNCLAUSES

14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION

14-2 NOUNCLAUSESTHATBEGINWITHAQUESTIONWORD

14-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT, WHOSE + BE

14-4 NOUNCLAUSESWHICHBEGINWITHlFORWHeTHER

14-5 NOUN CLAUSES WHICH BEGIN WITH THAT

14-6 SUBSTITUTINGSOFORA"THAT-CLAUSE"TH

CONVERSAnONAL RESPONSES

14-7 OTHERUSESOF"THAT-CLAUSESES"

Chapter15 QUOTED SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH

15-1 QUOTEDSPEECH

15-2 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH

15-3 VERB FORM USAGE IN REPORTED SPEECH: FORMAL

SEQUENCE OF TENSES

15-4 USINGSAyvs. TELL

15-5 USINGASKIF

15-6 USING VERB + INFINITIVE TO REPORT SPEECH

15-7 SOME TROUBLESOME VERBS: ADVISE, SUGGEST, AND

RECOMMEND

Chapter 16 USING WISH. USING IF

16-1 EXPRESSING WISHES ABOUT THE PRESENT/FUTURE

16-2 EXPRESSING WISHES ABOUT THE PAST

16-3 USING IF: CONTRARY-TO-FACT IN THE PRESENT/FUTURE

16-4 USING IF: TRUE vs. CONTRARY-TO-FACT IN THE

PRESENT/FUTURE

16-5 USING IF: CONTRARY-TO-FACT IN THE PAST

16-6 SUMMARY: VERB FORMS IN SENTENCES WITH IF

(CONDITIONALSENTENCES)

Appendlx 1

Appendix 2

Appendlx 3

Appendix 4

Appendlx 5

INDEX

PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS

PHRASAL VERBS

GUIDE FOR CORRECTING WRITING ERRORS

BASIC VOCABULARY UST

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AMERICAN ENGUSH AND

BRITISH ENGUSH

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