美国医师执照考试

章节摘录

版权页：   插图：   3. The side effects include: a. ltyperkalemia, due to reduced aldosterone levels. b. Hypotension. c. Coughing, due to increased bradykinin. d. Skin rashes and angioedema. e. Fetal toxicity. ACE inhibitors should not be used during pregnancy. f. Excessive reduction of pressure in the glomerulus due to dilation of the efferent renal arterioles. ACE inhibitors should be avoided in patients with renalartery stenosis. 4. Captopril (Capoten) is the prototype ACE inhibitor. a. It reduces angiotensin synthesis and lowers blood pressure by ⅰ. Vasodilation ⅱ. Reduction of aldosterone release, which increases the loss of water b. There are no autonomic effects and no changes in LDL cholesterol. S. Enalapril (Vasotec) and lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) have the same effects as captopril, but they have longer durations of action. AT1 ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTORS can be inhibited by angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as losartan (Cozaar) and candesartan (Atacand). 1. Effects are similar to those from ACE inhibitors. ARBs can therefore be used to treat CHF or hypertensive patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. 2. Coughing is less common because ACE is not inhibited and bradykinin levels do not rise. 3. However, ARBs are also fetotoxic and should not be used in pregnancy.G. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (e.g., amlodipine [Norvascl) vasodilate arterioles and reduce blood pressure. 1. They have no autonomic side effects and do not change LDL cholesterol. 2. There is an increased risk of heart attack or stroke with the short-acting dihydropyridines such as nifedinine.

内容概要

作者：（美国）韦斯（Stephanie T. Weiss）

书籍目录

Preface General Principles Ⅰ. Pharmacokinetics: General Principles Ⅱ. Pharmacokinetics: Administration and Absorption of Drugs Ⅲ. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution of Drugs Ⅳ. Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism of Drugs Ⅴ. Pharmacokinetics: Elimination of Drugs and Drug Metabolites Ⅵ. Pharmacodynamics Ⅶ. Age-Dependent Pharmacology Ⅷ. Regulations Governing the Development of New Drugs Peripheral Neuropharmacology Ⅰ. Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System Ⅱ. Parasympathomimetics Ⅲ. Cholinesterase Inhibitors Ⅳ. Parasympathetic Blocking Drugs (Antimuscarinics) Ⅴ. Ganglionic Blocking Drugs Ⅵ. Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs Ⅶ. Sympathomimetics Ⅷ. α-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Ⅸ. α-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Ⅹ. Adrenergic Neuron-Blocking Drugs Ⅺ. Drugs for Glaucoma Central Neuropharmacology Ⅰ. Principles of General Anesthesia Ⅱ. Inhalation Anesthetics Ⅲ. Intravenous Anesthetics Ⅳ. Local Anesthetics Ⅴ. Sedative-Hypnotic and Antianxiety Drugs Ⅵ. Anticonvulsants Ⅶ. Antipsychotic Drugs (Neuroleptics) Ⅷ. Lithium Carbonate Ⅸ. Antidepressants Ⅹ. CNS Stimulants Ⅺ. Drugs for Movement Disorders Ⅻ. Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease Substance Abuse and Pain Ⅰ. General Features of Substance Abuse Ⅱ. Sedative-Hypnotics Ⅲ. Cigarettes Ⅳ. CNS Stimulants Ⅴ. Anabolic Steroids Ⅵ. Hallucinogens Ⅶ. Marijuana Ⅷ. Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Ⅸ. Opioids Ⅹ. Narcotic Analgesics Ⅺ. Analgesic Antipyretics Cardiovascular Pharmacology Ⅰ. Diuretics Ⅱ. Calcium Channel Blockers Ⅲ. Antihypertensives Ⅳ. Drugs for Angina Pectoris Ⅴ. Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure Ⅵ. Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology of Blood and Blood Vessels Ⅰ. Anticoagulants Ⅱ. Fibrinolytics Ⅲ. Antiplatelet Drugs Ⅳ. Antibleeding Drugs Ⅴ. Drugs for Anemia Ⅵ. Antihyperlipidemics Autacoids, Drugs for Inflammatory and Gastrointestinal Disorders, and Vitamins Ⅰ. Definition of Autacoids Ⅱ. Histamine Ⅲ. Histamine Blockers Ⅳ. Antiasthmatic Drugs Ⅴ. Eicosanoids Ⅵ. Drugs for Migraine Headaches Ⅶ. Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Ⅷ. Drugs for Gout Ⅸ. Drugs for Acne Ⅹ. Vitamins Ⅺ. Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders …… Endocrine Pharmacology Drugs for Bacterial Infections Drugs for Infections from Eukaryotic Organisms and Viruses Cancer Chemotherapy Toxicology

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《美国医师执照考试:High-Yield药理学(第3版)》由北京大学医学出版社出版。

作者简介

《美国医师执照考试:High-Yield药理学(第3版)》内容介绍：This series extracts the most important information on each topic andpresents it in a concise outline format to prepare students for the USMLE.High-YieldTM means exactly that!

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